Pampers

The founders was James Gamble, a soap maker and William Procter, a candle maker and in Cincinnati in 1837. It is the producer of various everyday household goods. It is a key market leader within the consumer 140 countries, produces over 300 brands and has loyal customers worldwide. Company three business units: beauty (33%), health and well-being (21%), household care (46%). P&G delivers its goods to drug stores, mass merchandisers, membership club stores and grocery stores. Pampers† this is one of the most famous revolutionary products of the Procter and Gamble, founded by Victor Mills. Pampers was especially build to meet the mothers need in innovative product on the market which will lighten the wash of the cloth papers and also leakage of them. This product came in the late sass's. Procter & Gambles development of the diaper changed the diapering habits of consumers worldwide. Consumers moved from purchasing the cloth diapers to disposable diaper, which is better to childr en's skin, convenient to store, and has a good price comparing with cloth diapers.The company's specialists developed an exceptional three-piece construction to take up the wetness, allocate it consistently and transmit fluid to the leaky core without passing it recessively to the skin. Procter and Gamble revived more than Just convenience ease and comfort for consumers. Pampers brought health benefits to babies who use Pampers. Clinical studies have shown that children who use Pampers have drier skin, and less frequent and less severe diaper skin complaint than those who use cloth diapers.P diapers are now distributed to more than 80 countries worldwide, with this representing a major contributor to Procter and Gamble world profits. (P, n. D. ) 1. 2 Core customer issues The disposable diapers market is a very profitable. In ELK, there are about seven endured and fifty thousand births for each year and the diapers are usually worn for three years. It is represents a relatively short customer lifetime for Pampers. The arrival of the Huggins challenges Pampers' dominance of the traditional disposable diaper market in 1991.Huggins had earned 17% of the market by 1997 and it is reaching 30% in year 2000. Huggins continued to take share through a combination of competitive pricing and product innovation. One of the strengths of Huggins was promoted aggressively using their Mother and Baby Club and television. Huggins loud be the market leader in the fall of 2001 which is showed in growth pattern projections. Many mothers think that Huggins was the leader of market. When they interviewed, there was many discussion about latest news of Huggins.It reflects the growing strength of the Huggins brand. Trend analysis and consumer research found that there are two key trends affecting Pampers' impact on the marketplace. The most up-to-date information from friends, the Internet or print replaces the way of UK mums in the way of making decisions and traditional reliance on advice from health professionals and parents. Pampers are forced by the proliferation of information channels to find out a new way to reduce the background noise to reach potential customers. DIM, 2012) To build sales and maintain customer loyalty by rewarding the consumer for purchasing their products, the customer loyalty programs are introduced by Pampers which include free samples, sweepstakes, sales promotions of coupons and rewards. Pampers uses direct marketing strategies to maintain customer loyalty once a consumer becomes a Pampers member. The strategies include sending pamphlets and brochures with important information about each development stage as the nonusers child grows while promoting their products that fit each particular stage.While educating the consumer with valuable information pertaining to their growing child, Pampers is doing a great Job at promoting its products. Parents are offered the opportunity to share their baby's pictures with the whole social field by Pampers. It is showing marketers that being where your customers are the first step in toddling towards success in its â€Å"Love, Sleep and Play' campaign. It is launched in July 1 and runs until August 6 in year 2013. This campaign encourages moms and dads living in North America to upload pictures of their babies loving, playing and sleeping to the brand's Faceable page.Then, Pampers will display the selected images on Twitter, the online gallery pages and Faceable. The communication manager of North America for Pampers, Mary Woods says social is a natural environment for the brand's customers because it's where they already converse with other parents, as well as with the brand. She also says Pampers collected more than 20,000 photo submissions in less than three weeks of the campaign's launch. (Else Duper, 2013) 3. 0 Role of direct mail in relation to other channel . Direr mail Pampers direct mail package come with a variety of shapes and sizes, making it become one of the most flexible direct marketing media. An envelope, a brochure, a letter and a response device are included in a standard direct mail package. It is to motivate the recipient to open the standard direct mail package. The envelope must differentiate itself from other mail by its size, appearance and any copy that might be written on it regardless of the volume of mail a person receives. It provides the opportunity to directly address the interests and concerns of the recipient.The benefits of the detailed offer are usually clarified by the letter. Recipients are able to illustrate about the benefits of the offer from the brochure in letter. Illustrated brochures are used to sell services as well as products. The letter must include Response rates are generally higher when it is separated from the letter or brochure. Recipient can respond via telephone, toll-free numbers are always prominently displayed. The right timing, the right offer, the right person and the right format are fact ors in a successful direct marketing and it can be examined in direct mail.Mailers can run a test mailing to determine the response from a list before â€Å"rolling out,† or mailing the entire list by using computer technologies which can select a randomized name sample from any list. Direct mail provides the most cost-effective way of achieving the highest possible response in relation to the other direct marketing media. Telemarketing is much highest cost per response but it typically produces a higher response rate. 3. 2 Role of direct mail has changed since the arise of the Internet The role of direct mail has changed since the rise of the internet cause it slow, expensive and time consuming.There are new technologies which are CRY codes in nowadays. It allows a customer to be taken from the printed piece to a web location by using a mobile smart device equipped with a camera and an internet connection. The marketer benefits from the physical attributes of printed mail wh ile leveraging the power of online experiences for reinforcement of the message, persuasion, and better conversion with this technology. 3. 3 Role of TV (Interactive television) Pampers use interactive television (TV) as communication strategy.Through the internet, interactive television combines the emotive strength of TV advertising with the depth and personalization available. It is the preferred interactive device in the home for nowadays and in the future. When the viewers are registered to receive a newsletter, data will be captured. The newsletter can be emailed to personal computer or television. Chance to see themselves and their babies on TV in the baby gallery or in the video area talking about baby development issues: ‘real babies, real mums, real tips' are provided to parents.It also offers consumers the opportunity to sit a frequently asked questions area and to give feedback. 3. 4 Role of Internet Procter & Gambles Pampers are good consumers struggle to establis h and maintain differentiation from other disposable diaper brands percent. It is established to increase in a variety of ways, such as Pampers website (wry. Pampers. Com) basic product via an Internet site. Pampers Perks loyalty program which consumers have to collect points from Pampers diapers and wipes purchase and exchange them for the Sesame Street and Fisher-Price toys.Recently the customers are provided a chance to in a Chrysler minivan filled with diapers through Pampers Fantastic Sweepstakes. There is a convenient way to send a supply of Pampers such as Fisher-Price toy to a friend are provided in Pampers Gifts Packs. Pampers Parenting Institute provides advice from experts in child care, health and development through Parent Pages and it delivered by e-mail and customized to each stage of life from the third trimester through age four. The purpose of Pampers Parenting Institute as a public service campaign is to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome visible driv er.Pampers is the second most popular baby care sites on the web with hundred million unique visitors per month because of the Pampers Parenting Institute. According to Advertising Age, consumers visiting the Pampers website are 30% more likely to buy effective. It provide unified communications which integrates e-mail, data transmission, instant messaging, voice transmission and electronic conferencing services. Web conferencing with Live Meeting, Microsoft Live Communications Server functionality and content management with Sharpening is the other services that included.Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Office Sharpening Server support multiple users with meeting schedules, shared calendars and mailboxes and Sharpening lists. Through offering support for customers, Customer Relationship Marketing provides competitive advantage to organization on a continuous basis while focusing on every customer's wants and needs ensuring that these are satisfied in the best way (Hut and Sped, 2004 ). This strategy are successfully reduces the amount of cost that have to spend to seek new customers and gained the loyalty from customers (Hut and Sped, 2004).It shows the significance of managing the CRM and ensuring that all employees are well-equipped with knowledge of how to cope with any problems or complaints and how to treat customers that might happen from being involved directly with the customers (Taylor, 2007). Finally, Pampers has been successful in positioning its brand. They are consistent with their message and their consumers are well informed about their products. Pampers is successfully promoting its products while educating individuals about the developmental stages from newborns to toddlers.Of course, there is always room for improvements. Extending the product line to include bath products is one recommendation. Some examples could include Pampers shampoos, soaps, lotions, and oils. Pampers could promote their product by including coupons within or on their pa ckaging. This encourages customer loyalty by rewarding the consumer with extra savings. Maybe Pampers could come up with reward points by issuing membership cards and each time used they earn points that add up to Pamper dollars and then redeemed when purchasing any Pampers products.

Brazil Race Relations

Brazil Race Relation Brazil is one of the most visited place in the world and also one of the most diverse countries in the world. More than 75millon people of African decent live in Brazil, this makes it the second largest black population in the world. Its attracts a large number of people because of it architecture, slums and rainforest. Brazil is contradictory because its was the last country to abolish slavery but also the first to claim that it was a racial democracy. Most people might not know that Brazil has its racial problems and that it has been going on for a long time.Brazilian race relations and conceptions of race are somewhat different from the United States. In Brazil most African descendents are people live in slums called the favelas. The favelas are small over-crowded communities, which are built on hills. One of the largest is in a city called Rio de Janeiro and it’s full of hundreds of poor urban people. Some Brazilians would argue that there aren’ t any racial inequalities in Brazil, which is actually false. Many brown and blacks who live in the favelas do not have the same opportunity as the white Brazilians who live in a more suitable environment.The â€Å"2010 census showed that 51% of Brazilians identify themselves as black or brown. † (The economist 2). The income of white Brazilians is more than the black and brown people in Brazil. African descendents have disadvantages in education level, medical treatment , and other important things. They are also at the bottom of the social pyramid, because of racial inequalities. They live in the poorest and most dangerous communities and there aren’t really any securities in the favelas. The social status and economic advantages were based on how light a person's skin was and if they have European ancestry.The United States and Brazil are different because in the U. S race is weighted in a very different way but in Brazil race is described as if one were describing the color of the rainbows. The United States is home to a lot of immigrants and has a middle class where if people were poor they could climb up the pyramid. People also argue that unlike in the U. S slavery , Brazil never segregated anyone. Although there was no segregation there is a huge difference in the gap between blacks and white in Brazil. In Brazil dark skinned Brazilian who made the same amount of income as the white Brazilian tends to live in concentrated poverty areas.During the slave trade, slaves were shipped to Brazil 10 times more than to the United States. Brazil had a cheaper slave trade and was more convenient. Slaves in Brazil were treated more brutally than the slaves brought to the U. S. Slaves in the U. S were fed more, had better places to sleep and had better clothes. The Brazilian society is still unequal for example, after slavery was abolish the white Brazilian wanted to eliminate the blacks by getting number of immigrants from Europe to come to Brazil. T hey wanted the white Immigrants to over populate the blacks and breed with them, so African decent would be eliminated.Brazil socially diminished blackness and encouraged the black Brazilians to detach themselves from their African ancestry. This kind of act never took place in the U. S rather blacks and whites were just segregated. Unlike the U. S where racism was open Brazil pretended as if though there was no racism. The United States has a Black president and some of the Blacks that lives there are millionaires different from Brazil where it’s not like that. Racism in Brazil is veiled and that is why most people think that there was no inequality or racism.In reality Brazil is one of the most racist and unequal countries in the world. Blacks in Brazil are not allowed to talk about race because it is believed in Brazil that racism doesn’t exist and that there is no inequality. Although Brazilians think that there is no racial inequality in Brazil there actually is. People who live in the slums of Brazil claim there is inequality. In some ways Brazil and the United States are similar, but some Brazilians might argue that racism in Brazil is very different from the United States. In both Brazil and the U.S the whites have more advantages than the blacks. They are ensured to get a job and a decent job too. For example, if black people apply for a job in U. S or in Brazil they are most likely not to get the job because of their race or skin color. Another example is that most African descendents in Brazil and the United states live in the poorest communities and are separated from the whites. Take for example Chicago; it is has some of the most segregated communities in Chicago. In these communities there are a lot of blacks living there , just like in Brazil with the favelas.The neighborhoods in some of the United States are just like some Neighborhoods in Brazil and it is very poor and there is violence in the communities. Also Brazil and Americ a are also alike when it comes to the way blacks are viewed and how they are looked down upon. In Brazil and United blacks were seen as ugly people and it was said that the black women were too muscular. In the wealthiest part of both the U. S and Brazil it is mostly whites that live there. for example in hotels, restaurants, television and magazine it only features white Brazilian.Moreover there are a lot of similarity between Brazil and American but both countries are denying having thing in common which they do. Black women in Brazil and the United States both of problems with their skin color, shortness and texture of their hair, which is why they do something about their hair for example, in brazil the women do not like the way their hair looks so they go to the salon to have it straighten or curled just like the women on the television. In both United States and Brazil the education system for the blacks are different from the whites.Also both of the countries have thought abo ut using affirmative action to help racial diversity. For example affirmative action in Brazil is to help get African decent in Brazil into universities. It is said that brazil only hope of achieving racial democracy is by affirmative action so that they can get the a little bit of privilege as the whites in brazil, just like in the United States. Blacks in Brazil and in the United States are treated unfairly and they have a lot of disadvantage over the whites. Just like the blacks in American help to build the U. S for 100 years so did the blacks in Brazil and they are the ones under the pyramid.It may seem like Brazil has no racism inequality in really does but because it is been veiled and pretend to be has it there is none. Most people wouldn’t know that Brazil has a lot of racial problems going on because of how it been covered. Regardless of it not been a segregated country or having klu Klux Klan it still is a very racist country where the majority of the people living there are living in poverty. Brazil is undergoing changes at this time hopefully it is able to clear up it racial problem, but it doesn’t look like it will be solved anytime soon.

Facebook: positive or negative? Essay

There has been much debate on social media such as, Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr and others. However, is it technically Positive or Negative? There are many reports on Facebook being a vital object for teens today and there have been plenty of complaints about it as well. My stand on the matter is that Facebook is a vital part of many teens lives, and without it they wouldn’t have the interesting conversation they have nor, the best friends either, they wouldn’t even have the knowledge they consumed on Facebook as well. see more:negatives of social media There are copious amounts of research on the matter, from articles, to essays, to even online reports that give ample reason as to so. It is said by older people, who aren’t as involved in social media as younger people today that kids only pay attention to what’s in front of them, that they don’t care about anything what so ever. â€Å"Kids today, we’re telling you!-don’t read, don’t write, don’t care about anything father in front of them than their iPods† (Goldwasser 237) is it true? Teenagers I see today like to keep up to date with their friends and love ones, making sure they’re okay, making sure they’re not sad, or nothing bad is happening and even becoming closer to those who aren’t so close. For example, some people are becoming closer to their parent, than when they were younger thanks to Facebook. â€Å"Ms.Bomberg, the Cornell student, confesses an upside to her mother being on Facebook, ‘We’re closer now, for sure,’ she says. ‘She treats me more like a friend than she did before’ (White 520). Facebook has become a way for families to become closer, for friends to communicate and loose ties to become tighter. Ms.Bomberg is just one of many examples of family becoming closer. Though, there are things that Ms.Bomberg doesn’t want her mom to know but she most inevitably will find out because of pictures; pictures like her bear ponging posted on Facebook ‘My mother is now looking at pics of me bonging a bear’ White quotes on page 522. Through Facebook you open up your heart more and let people a little closer in you’re life, as Ms.Bomberg has with her mother. Facebook is also a good way to keep up with friends who you aren’t very close to, that you would most likely consider a †weak tie†(Thompson 529). However, those loose ties would inevitably help you in the long run. â€Å"Sociologists have long found that â€Å"weak ties† greatly expand your ability to solve problems. For example, if you’re looking for a job and ask your friends, they won’t have any leads that you don’t already have yourself. Remote acquaintances will be much more useful, because they’re farther afield, yet still socially intimate enough to want to help you out† (Thompson 529). Those â€Å"weak ties† come in handy, without Facebook you wouldn’t be able to keep them in contact; and those little things they might know that you don’t will remain undiscovered. Keeping people in contact is always great, they will come in handy one day, and they will jump to the chance to help you because people like to help and get involved and â€Å"want to help you out† (Thompson 529). It’s all how you use Facebook or any other social media. Some use it for negative reasons such as, gossip, and killing time while at work or school, others use it as a vital source of information. I always use my online use in a reliable manner; I constantly post my views on matters I read about online. My friends and I are always getting into small debates. Through these debates I view how my friends speak and what type of methods they use to win their point. I’ve notice the one’s using real hardcore evidence such as, history reference’s, pie charts and articles as their source people are more ample to agree with them. I also learn that if you simplify what you are saying people will feel more comfortable accepting what you have to say because they won’t view you as a threat, and will feel more comfortable around you. In addition Facebook helps teens to be more empathetic to their peers. For example in an online source it is said that â€Å"In one new survey of 1,200 teens and young adults, the more time spent on Facebook and instant messaging, the greater their online and real-world empathy, or ability to understand and relate to others’ feelings.†(Laino). Facebook is helping teens today to be more sympathetic to their others peers, actually caring for their friends. â€Å"I see a lot of kids reaching out to friends, showing a lot of caring, online. And that translates to offline,†(Laino). Sometimes Facebook is a great way to help teens to feel for their other peers more easily, and want to help. Without Facebook these teens would not care how their friends feel, and probably won’t be there to comfort them when needed. I have a friend who was going through a rough time not so long ago, without Facbook I wouldn’t have known what was wrong with him, and I wouldn’t have been able to be there for him. Facebook is also a great way to help teens express their feelings to the world. Some teens find it hard to talk about their feelings, their thoughts or how they feel; I know I do, and Facebook has become a way for one to do that for themselves. ’Facebook help teens to express who they are,’ Rosen says in Laino online article. Without Facebook or any other social media a lot of teens would have no source to express how they feel or what they think, and they would just hold it inside, which is not good. However, not only does Facebook help teens express themselves it also helps those few shy individuals come out of their shells. ‘Online social networking can also make it easier for shy kids and teens to socialize by reaching out to others from a smart device rather than in person’ Rosen says† (Laino). Facebook has become a way for shy individuals to spread their wings and come out of their shells, it makes it easier for them to communicate with others and find confidence in themselves. Social media has become a wide spread for people in a positive matter. In today’s society Facebook is becoming a sensation; imagine the education teens could acquire from online, if their professors used Facebook as an academic resource, they could achieve so much from online use, such as Facebook or any social media, â€Å"For instance, in such a space professors and students can participate in the sharing of knowledge, by posting articles (and responses to them), speaker events, lectures and personal experiences involving topics related to the course. When this happens, Facebook can be a boom to education, actively engaging students in the pursuit of knowledge. â€Å"(Andrews). If teachers used online resources, and articles to engage their student they would most likely get more attention and more feed back from them but also, their parents would be able to see what their children are learning and how they could take an active stand in their Childs education. Facebook could be a â€Å"boom to education† (Andrews) if they knew How to use it in the right manner to involve their students. For example, the teachers could post up current events on different matters of the world have the students write their views and what they think, they could have civil debates online concerning the matters to get the students more involved. The teachers could also post of pictures of different topics and have the students analyze it. There are so many things you could do online in an easy manner, and their parents would be able to watch over it as well. Though some people would say Facebook is bad for their children, and others would say it’s good for their children, I say it’s great for their children or any other teen or young adult. Facebook has become a way for people to communicate with one another from long distance, it has become a way for teens to communicate with their peers more easily, and it’s a way for teens to reach out to one another. Facebook is a huge impact on most people’s lives, it helps people learn from one another, it helps people be more empathetic and it helps socialize people that aren’t very social. Facebook or any other social media has help out teens and their family to become closer to one another, and create tighter bonds with different people.

Subculture identity how the tradidiontal costume keeps their own Essay

Subculture identity how the tradidiontal costume keeps their own culture nowadays - Essay Example Hence, a historical back ground of various sub culture identities such as Greeks, Japanese, Arabs, Indians and etc along with their culture costume characteristic is being discussed in this article. Furthermore, it's greatly shedding light on latest outfits of various sub culture identities and presenting several opinions of writers regarding how to keep that traditional culture costume alive in joyful manner. In order to describe how the traditional costumes of Greeks was reminiscent of question arises from the frequent consideration. Basically, the frequent consideration (Vrelli-Zaxou 1994) is that long-established costume is definitely the costume. However, it characterizes the individuality of a farming culture and on the other hand it articulate the connection flanked by an individual and the civilization. Giselis (1974) inscribe that the set of clothes is a representation of the particular crowd and not of its wearer's character which underneath force may be required to match to the mutual strength. It should be noted that it is not simple to differentiate oneself commencing the group of people with a costume (Vrelli-Zaxou 1994), while the civilization itself stimulate the method of communal control and permit forcing a potential outlook modernizer to come back to the array. The major feature of folk set of clothes is to facilitate generally acknowledged by the preponderance (Vrelli -Zaxou 1994). Moreover, it cannot fail to notice the information to facilitate the remark as costume. which is a strange remark pro the Greek, is derivative since the English remark 'costume' and its doublet 'custom', which into their twirls are source of Latin consuetude 'habit' Each and every from the above is resultant from the information that each consign possess its own costume. The ordinary difference by more than a few writers (e.g. Roubis 1995) links the set of clothes of the residents of hilly regions and those existing on the plains, and as well as among the outfits of the islanders and the residents of mainland, is no longer applicable. Since study has shown that a century before rural communities illustrated themselves from others with a quality costume (Hatzimichali 1925). In addition, traditional civilization a costume might have contained a variety of utilities. Solitary of its utility was to replicate the modification of the exertion time and as well as the holiday plus the days of time off. They fluctuate morphologically as distant as the excellence and beautification is Apprehensive (Kyriakidou-Nestoros 1989). The set of clothes for daily practice is very realistic in its dim colors and with no at all sewing and attractive elements. On the other hand, joyful clothing is traditionally wealthy in colors and decoration. The joyful costume is extensively worn in official dancing and at carnivals through out the entire Greece. Furthermore, there are certainly some areas where a unique and special set of clothes is worn for special occasions. It should be noted that in the rural community of Nesting, Arcadias (Vrelli-Zaxou 1994) males put on the tsipianitiko shirt where as women put on asprofoustano, a definite type of pallid dress, in Sirako, Paros (Dimas 1993) firm pastoral shoes are worn out on festive and

Summary of the 2014 OkAND Spring Convention Essay

Summary of the 2014 OkAND Spring Convention - Essay Example risk factors vary from one eating disorder to another with temperament and personality traits playing a crucial role although the interaction between genes and the environment trigger eating disorders. For anorexics, stopping the condition is a challenge since the brain continues with the illness as it becomes dependent on the anorexic state once an individual is malnourished. Conversely, bulimics find it challenging to stop since there is disconnect between the ideal image of their body and the urges of the body. Various therapy challenges abound for both anorexics and bulimics. For anorexics, therapy challenges include a decrease in the drive to consume foods, altered rewards from eating, challenges in maintaining new eating habits, and the lack of scientific guidance to optimal feeding method or the composition of a diet. On the other hand, therapy challenges for bulimics include chaotic nutrient availability and eating habits, the lack of stable energy due to behavior of eating disorders, impulsivity, difficulties perceiving the fuel needs, altered rewards from eating and eating disorders behaviors, and other

English - Tennesse Williams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English - Tennesse Williams - Essay Example The spiritual needs of an individual, as well as his moral principles and inner believes are relevant to this talented playwright. The most impressive characters of his plays are Maggie from  Cat on a Hot Tin Roof  and the character of Stanley Kowalski from the play A Streetcar Named Desire (Gross, 2002). Williams made an emphasis on the necessity to explore the inner word of people. All misfortunes come from human misunderstanding. This was his main claim and in such a way, there is a possible way to prevent blindness in the hearts of people in case they live in mutual understanding. He became popular in 1927, but his career was often criticized by his father, who worked at the international shoe company (Rogal, 1987). The prototypes of his main characters were taken from his life experience and his work at the International Company as well (September. On Stage, 1994). Williams is a deep and a profound philosopher and a psychologist of human souls. The best play was published in 1944 and it The Glass Menagerie. This play is referred to as the playwright's personal experience (Wolter, 1995). Williams had a strong-willed mother, who even allowed making a lobotomy to his sister Rose. Thus, Williams converges his life with his plays and mergers his plays with his life. That is his power. The Pulitzer Prize was acknowledged to him in 1948 for  A Streetcar Named Desire (Dowling, 1981). ... During the period of his depression he struggled with his drug and alcohol addiction. Like every talented man, he was searching for inspiration and his muse. Therefore, the plays of the playwright are full of in-depth considerations about the inner world of an individual. They are focused on negative sides of a human nature. The author thinks that in negative emotions an individual is able to perceive an outer world and his inner world better. His main characters experience degradation, moral challenges, problems of an individual’s choice and many other dramatic issues. His plays may be described as nightmares, because the author is not shy to depict the negative and destructing side of a human nature. His own anxieties are projected on his plays. Therefore, Williams considers emotions to be an integrative part of a human life. Emotions are fragile for him and there is a need to concentrate on them in order to perceive the essence of emotions and penetrate into the depths of a n individual’s inner world. Moreover, Williams underlined the privacy of emotions and there is a cruel outside world, where all people live. He often associated main characters of his plays with animals in order to show their emotions in a more acute manner. Animals are unable to analyze their emotions, but feel deep, as well as people do. Therefore, is not it surprising that all human beings are self-concentrated, but their selfish emotions contribute much to their self-analysis. Another interesting note to be made about Williams is to determine the role emotions played in his life. His family created a favorable atmosphere for his growing up and he was able to focus on his inner world and not on external turmoil. That is why Williams feels a nature of men and women, depicted in his plays

MS (Multiple Sclerosis) Disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MS (Multiple Sclerosis) Disease - Research Paper Example It would be shown that indeed, with early detection, MS is manageable and treatable. MS is a chronic neurologic disease that comments on Experience Project indicates commonly affects the young adults aged between 25 and 35, targeting the central nervous system, CNS encompassing the optic nerve, spinal cord and the brain (Gelfand, Gelfand and Goadsby 73). It has been considered as an autoimmune disease which causes severe neurological disability due to demyelination, thus the reason for my numbness and fatigue. According to Amor and Noort (1), the massive amount of white blood cells that go into the tissue would cause swellings and consequently damage the tissue around the nerve fibers. Since these nerve fibers play a critical role in transmitting signals around the body, the damage could affect the functioning of the whole body. The female to male ratio of distribution has been documented as 3:1 (World Health Organization 17). One out of one thousand people suffer from MS in the Western world and the proportion keeps growing. In Europe, the disease affects about 400 ,000 people with the global figure standing at 2.5 million people according to Scolding and Wilkins (1), costing the EU economy approximately â‚ ¬9 billion every year. This disorder has been greatly associated with genetic factors, an argument that Scolding and Wilkins (4) use to explain the difference in its spread among different populations, notably the low prevalence among the Chinese and the Asian communities compared to the high prevalence in North America, the UK, Germany and Norway. Additionally, WHO (15) argues on the higher prevalence of the disorder in families that have a member who has been a victim, than in the general population. But to the best of my knowledge, no one in the family had suffered this disorder. As such, other factors could have played a greater role in causing the disorder.

The effects of interest rate liberalization to the risk of commercial Literature review

The effects of interest rate liberalization to the risk of commercial banks in china - Literature review Example Under such method levying of extra charges of loan is not allowed. Researchers say during 1974-1978 Development Plans, the government of different countries felt the need to review the interest rate in order to encourage the savings through the bank and to create disincentive to eradicate the speculation and uneconomic use of savings by the borrowers. During 1980 the interest rate policy was used to achieve the following objectives. Firstly interest rate policy was aimed to keep the general level of interest rate positive so that savings can be encouraged and contribute to the maintenance of financial stability in real terms. Secondly it was framed to allow greater flexibility and greater competition amongst the banks and non banking financing institution in order to enhance the effective and efficient allocation of financial resources. Thirdly the policy was objected to reduce the differential and to maximize the lending’s of banks. After 1974 a review on the interest rate li beralization was done during 1980 which allowed commercials banks to get a better room to complete and to have a better flexibility to meet the need of the customers (Ngugi and Kabubo, March 1998, pp. - 9-10). As per to Feyzioglu, Porter and Takas (2009); interest rate liberalization provide with many benefits. ... On contrary interest rate liberalization also exert a negative impact on the financial sector (Feyzioglu, Porter and Takas, 2009). Again according to Shih (2011), interest rate liberalization reduces the cost of governance for central bankers. He added that interest rate liberalization gets affected with short term political incentives. But in long term liberalization of lending interest rates reduces the need for central bank official to ration the credit (Shih, September 2011, pp. – 437-438). The Current Researches on the Interest Rate Liberalization The researchers Bekaert, Harvey and Lundblad (April 2001) demonstrated that interest liberalization increase growth. They observed that the interest rate liberalization lead to a percent increase in the annual per capita GDP growth. They also added that they did find this growth to be statistically significant. Based on the researches the interest liberalization was also economically important. They examined the same by using a classic growth framework of regression for certain developing countries. They assumed that the human capital variables move from 25th percentile to the median of all countries in consideration. They also moved the size of the government sector and population growth from 75th percentile to the cross sectional median. Then a positive impact on growth was calculated given the changes in these four variables. Next a comparison with liberalization was made. The liberalization indicator added 1.1%. This liberalization contributed 40% of the total growth increment. Researchers also made a keen observation on channels where liberalization had an impact on increased

Argument sketching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Argument sketching - Essay Example r; the ontological argument argues for the existence of a perfect being; an argument that is for a creator with a keen interest in humanity is the argument from design; lastly the moral argument refers to an argument that is pro moral authority (Harris 56). This argument aims at proving God’s existence mainly through the laws of logic. This can be traced back to St Anselm who was a philosopher-theologian as well as the archbishop of Canterbury in the eleventh century (Harris 62). This argues that we will be able to see God’s non-existence as being impossible once we mentally accept and internalize the concept of God. It aims at demonstrating the existence of a perfect supreme being. This can be viewed as the second proof of God’s existence. It also referred to as the cosmological argument. This looks to prove God’s existence from the fact that there is the existence of the universe. It states that the universe as it is came into existence at a certain point in the distant past (Harris 59). It also argues that nothing can logically come into existence without something or someone else brings it into existence. This is derived from the philosophical theory that nothing comes from nothing. This means that there must be another being or force outside of the universe that brought it into existence. This therefore alludes to the fact that there must be a creator of the universe who can only be God. This is also referred to as the teleological argument. This argument also has the universe at the centre of all this. It aims at proving God’s existence from the fact that our universe is well ordered. This is because that it could have been quite different from the state in which it is now in very many different ways. The laws of physics could have been very different with a completely different arrangement of stars and planets (Harris 74). This points at the existence of God since all these other versions of the universe would not have possibly allowed for

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Interview - Essay Example The room itself had an unmistakable aura of grandeur about it. It was old but that wasn’t the only attribute, something struck me when I realized that these walls had been privy to the conversations of some of the greatest minds the world has ever seen.   ‘Oh crap’ I thought, ‘I actually have to answer this question’. While responding, I realized that even though this was an interview to study economics, the professors were interested to see how well I could synthesize different information from a variety of subjects. In this particular case it was perhaps political science and later in the interview, there was a great deal of mathematics involved. Furthermore, this interview was not the usual question and answer session that I had been used to in school; it was an open ended discussion with the experts. I disagreed with some of their opinions on several economic issues and gave some of my own. The dialogue that the interview entailed was nothing like I had previously encountered and therefore provided me with a distinct intellectual challenge.   In comparison with other experiences which have aided my intellectual development, this interview certainly holds the highest rank. My experiences at Model United Nations conferences were full of dialogue and debate regarding critical issues; the topics of discussion were provided beforehand whereas this interview truly tested my thinking skills and ability to adapt to a completely new situation. Alternatively, the training that the school’s Math team and I are currently partaking for the International Schools Mathematics Teacher’s Foundation (Hague, February 2012), has also been a challenge due to the intensity of our work and the fact that we are forced to synthesize information and topics we have previously seen in regular Math classes. However the interview holds more weight as it involved the synthesis of more than one

The Gulf of Tonkin incident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Gulf of Tonkin incident - Essay Example The mutual distrust of the allies against each other resulted into great animosity and gave rise to war tendencies. It led to the arms and missiles race between USA and Soviet Russia. Neither sides fought a direct war against each other, considering the appalling consequences, but they constantly fought for control and power through their proxy countries. Devastating effects of these proxy wars can still be observed world over. The cold war proceeded through Berlin Blockade, Korean War, Vietnam War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Soviet-Afghan War and on. Each of these wars had its disastrous and long running effects on the world history. Vietnam War amongst these proved to be a non-repairable mistake for America in the long run. In the cold war era America suffered severe setbacks in its war against communism. Ex: Cuban incident, Berlin wall, military losses in Laos. It was becoming extremely important to re-establish America's position on the world map. Irrespective of this, for years historians have debated America's entry and position in seemingly hopeless situation such as Vietnam War. With this loss of face against communism, since Kennedy administration, it became all the more essential for President Lyndon Johnson to prove himself as a warrior against of peace which he projected himself as, throughout the Gulf of Tonkin crisis. The secret mission of patrolling on North Vietnam coast was undertaken and was named as Desoto by the Pentagon. On 31st of July 1964, American destroyer USS Maddox began electronic intelligence collection mission in the Gulf of Tonkin. On 2nd of August Maddox claimed that it was attacked by the North Vietnam P4 patrol torpedo boats in international waters. However the Maddox claimed to evade the torpedo attacks and had to fire back in order to defend itself. Maddox suffered very minor damages in the attack. It claimed that out of the three North-Vietnamese patrol boats, one has sunk and the other has been heavily damaged. Maddox was later joined by another destroyer Turner Joy in South Vietnamese waters. Second Attack: On 4th of August Maddox launched another Desoto patrol on the coast of North Vietnam. Turner Joy was also accompanying Maddox. The destroyers claimed to have received signals indicating attack from the North Vietnamese navy. The firing went on for 2 hours targets based on radar and radio signals and electronic and visual reports of the enemy. Captain Herrick sent in his message sent to Washington suggested, "Review of action makes many reported contacts, and torpedoes fired to be doubtful. Freak weather effects on radar and overeager sonar men may have accounted for many reports. No actual visual sightings by Maddox. Suggest completed evaluation of the situation before any action is taken" *. Herrick also recommended a thorough review of the situation before any decision or action to be implemented. He also stated that there could have been misunderstanding due to weather being highly unstable and unclear. The reports of torpedoes being fired were also doubtful as the torpedoes were heard and not seen. Chances were the sound of torpedoes could have been sound of the propeller, which was mistaken. Both

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Approaches to Learning Essay Example for Free

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Approaches to Learning Essay There are various ways which people can learn. There is a need to identify approaches that can assess learning effectively. David Kolb proposed a four stage learning process with a cycle of learning. (Gravells, A. 2008). The process is represented in the diagram below: Concrete experience This is process where the learner experiences or immerses themselves in the task. It is the first stage where the task assigned is carried out. It is also called the doing stage. In my specialism, this could be the time where I give my learner class assignment or test to do in the class. (Gravells, A. 2008). It is good way of assessing learning and getting feedback immediately. Observation and Reflection This involves stepping back from the activity and reviewing what has been done and experienced. Here the learner’s values, attitudes and beliefs can affect their thinking process. This is the process where the learner thinks about what they you have done. The learner has the opportunity to reflect on what has been done in the classroom through the home work given. Abstract conceptualisation This is where the learner tries to interpret and understand the activities that have been carried out during learning. This is the planning how you will do it differently stage. The learner has the opportunity to do this as I lecture a particular topic in mathematics. Active Experimentation It enables the learner to take in new learning and predict what is likely to happen next or what future actions can be taken to improve the way activities can be done in future. This is the redoing stage based upon experience and reflection. When feedback on Tests or home work is given, the learner has the opportunity to improve upon what has already been submitted. Learning styles A learning style is a learner’s consistent way of responding and using stimuli in the context of learning. Honey and Mumford’s learning style questionnaire is another theory used to demonstrate how a learner is able to learn effectively. Questionnaires were given to the learner’s that probes general behavioural tendencies. Although their theory is drawn from David Kolb, it had some differences. Learners were divided into Reflectors, Theorists, Pragmatist and Activist. Reflector The learner prefers to learn from activities they watch, think and review what has happened. They like to use journals and brainstorming. http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/styles/honey_mumford.html [accessed on 3 July 2012.]. To be able to ensure learning takes place for this kind of learner, as a Teacher I would organise more group work, discussions and lecturing in mathematics sessions. Also give out hand outs for learner to read and reflect upon. Theorists Learners in this category prefer to think a problem through step by step manner. They like lectures, analogies, systems, case studies, models and reading. I would organise more lectures on a topic, give handouts and assignments for such learners giving them the opportunity to tackle problems/ questions later on. Pragmatist The learners prefer to apply new learning to actual practice to see if they work. They prefer field works, laboratories, observations, feedback and coaching. Â  Here learning can effectively take place where a lot of examples on topics are tried out with learner before giving out home work or assignments. A lot of clear feedback on assignments/ tasks and activities will be needed to ensure the learners actually understand information passed across.

Understanding The Concepts Of Acculturation

Understanding The Concepts Of Acculturation It is very important to understand the concepts of cultural change before discussing acculturation. A bilinear model regarding the adaption to a new culture is proposed by John Berry and his colleagues . These authors theorized the following four acculturation attitudes: integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization based on combining either high or low levels of acculturation and enculturation: (see Figure 3.1). The meaning of these four different attitudes is explained. As John Berry claims, integration involves immigrants accepting the new culture, while maintaining close ties with their original culture. These immigrants learn and follow local customs without losing their bond with their customs from their homeland. They are both highly acculturated and enculturated as shown in the diagram below . Assimilation, on the other hand, involves immigrants who totally accept the new culture, and reject their original culture. These immigrants will learn the language and follow local customs so thoroughly that no trace of their original heritage remains. People become assimilated in American society when they erased their cultural identity, unlearned their ethnic cultural practices and beliefs, and accepted the core values of mainstream American culture . Separation occurs when immigrants reject their new culture and live according to the customs of their original culture. These immigrants move to a new culture and find people from their homeland, and live as if they are still in their original culture, only in a different place . Marginalization represents immigrants who reject the new as well as their original culture. These immigrants no longer feel comfortable with their heritage, but the new culture does not appeal to them either . According to Berry, the attitude affects the process of acculturation. For example, as immigrants prepare to go to the U.S., they may have decided to assimilate into the culture. However, upon arrival they discover that they reject some customs of their new country. As a result they change their attitude from assimilation to integration. Thus, the attitude changes according to the various traits of the immigrants. Portes and Rumbaut argue for three major factors that can impact and change the attitude of immigrants. According to Portes and Rumbaut three factors are vital to understanding the acculturation trajectories of contemporary migrants. The first factor is their educational background, fluency in the English language, and economic and class status in their homeland. The second factor refers to the social policies of the host government and the historical and contemporary perceptions and attitudes of the mainstream society toward a particular immigrant group. The third factor is the immigrants social presence and networks and their family structure. The educational background of the immigrant groups and their social class back home are the social and cultural capital that they bring with them, which has an enormous impact on their economic assimilation. Although all three factors help determine how immigrants will acculturate into the larger mainstream American society, the second factor is the most relevant to shaping the acculturation outcomes of many nonwhite immigrants, especially of t hose immigrant groups who have little social and cultural capital and are not white. Even though the Indian Diaspora is racially distinct from the larger American mainstream, professional Indian Americans have an abundance of human-cultural capital acquired through their advanced education, knowledge of the English language, and social class in their home country. The low political profile of the Indian Diaspora also gives them a degree of invisibility that shields them from the scrutiny of the larger mainstream culture . The three major factors of acculturation presented by Portes and Rumbaut naturally change the course of the process for many immigrants. For example, an immigrant with poor English skills, who is determined to assimilate, may find it impossible because of the language barrier and decide instead to integrate into or even separate from the host culture. Bhatias work illustrates the process of how these factors affect Indian immigrants as they adapt to their new culture. Indians after immigrating to America, inevitably undergo some type of adjustment or acculturation process. Though inside the home Indian immigrants could maintain their culture, once outside the home, the system or society itself forced Indians into the acculturation process on all levels of culture. It is necessary to understand how immigrants acculturate in the U.S. As Waters and Bhatia suggest, unlike many Caribbean immigrants, most Indian professionals are middle class, live in suburban America, and are not subject to the structural inequalities of low wages, racism, and violent neighborhoods . However, there are some parallels in how both these groups of migrants come to terms with their racial and ethnic identity. On one hand, the Indian migrants are very proud of their Indian ethnicity and heritage. On the other hand, they invoke what Bhatia calls the discourse of sameness [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] and universal humanity to distance themselves from their racial and ethnic identity . I n other words, they realize that certain costs associated with being Indian are painful and hurtful and that invoking the discourse of sameness is meant to establish equivalence with the white majority. For example, Indian immigrants compare their experiences in the work place with those experiences of white Americans in an attempt to show equality with the majority. In one of Bhatias interviews an immigrant credits his own hard work and accomplishments for his position in the company, while: If I was a white American male, you know, maybe there would be prejudice because Im too short. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] So being an Indian, I dont think it put me at a different spot. Or at least, thats how I feel . Sunil Bhatias study demonstrates that the members of the transnational Indian Diaspora are more comfortable with a cultural identity than a racial identity because their insertion in the transnational Diaspora has transformed them from being Indian to being people of color . The research illustrates the complicated nature of the acculturation of Indian immigrants. As demonstrated above, the attitude of the immigrants toward their new host country is only a starting point for the process. As these immigrants experience their new culture, their own personal background reshapes their attitude, and changes the way they interact with people, regardless of nationality. Clearly Indian immigrants move through a process as they acculturate to their new surroundings. While Berry, Portes and Rumbaut and Bahtia all approach the subject from different directions and perspectives, and though they may not agree with one another, it is clear that each body of research illustrates a complicated process of acculturation. Taken individually the research results may appear to be contradictory, however, a closer analysis shows that their research actually supports one another. The attitude of the immigrants, studied by Berry, plays a major role in the process, but these attitudes may change in response to the three major factors affecting acculturation presented by Portes and Rumbaut. This ever changing process has been documented in Bhatias work, which demonstrates that immigrants adapt individually to their new culture, in this case the United States. That means there is no set formula for determining what will happen to an immigrant once he or she arrives. This process takes place within any immigrant to any country, therefore it will be beneficial to de monstrate specifically some of the elements unique to Indian immigrants, and how these elements influence the process. 3.2 Influencing Elements of Acculturation 3.2.1 Family Perhaps the most important element to consider for Indian immigrants is family. As these Indian immigrants relocate to the U.S., start a family and begin the process of finding their place in society, it is important to understand the processes which influence the impact of acculturation on their families. To first-generation Indian immigrants and their children, family plays a vital role in their lives. Hodge agrees with this assessment, and points out the stark difference between Indian culture and western culture. Western culture emphasizes the individual, material success and secularism. The Indian culture, by contrast, places much more value on community, especially the family, and on spiritual matters . Acculturation plays an important role in understanding about the family structure, including family conflict as well as differences between first and second-generations. For example, the process and outcomes of acculturation determine which values are important to the first-generation and therefore retained and passed on to the succeeding generations. In addition, the process of acculturation might also determine expectations for subsequent generations. For example an assimilated individual would expect the same from his or her children. Most of the work reviewed on acculturation includes some variables related to the family structure, including family conflict, specifically intergenerational family conflict. Some scholars dedicated their studies to South Asian families. Among them, for example, Mathews provided a more general consideration of South Asian families to explain how they function. First, she explains the relationship of the family in a social order, where the father is usually considered the head of the family, which continues to be the traditional way of Indian families in America. Furthermore, she describes the role of both father and mother in the family, in which the mother usually takes care of the household and raises the children and the father usually serves as decision maker and provider . Bringing up the children in a new and different culture, which often conflicts with their core ethnic values, creates problems for not only the parents but also for their children. As values may be extracted from both the native culture and host culture, it is inevitable that conflicts arise. Thus, in this case both parents and children struggle to balance family values of their own culture with the family values of the mainstream culture. In addition, according to the traditional Indian family, the eldest person is considered to be a decision maker such as career decisions for family members or approving marriages. This naturally means parents, especially in the first-generation, make the important decisions . Clearly the attitude of immigrants from India to the U.S. will be greatly influenced by the strength of their bond to their traditional family values. This attitude will steer them through their acculturation process. 3.2.2 Dress According to Khandelwal, Indian American immigrants have a mixed type of acculturation regarding dress. It is quite different for men as compared to women. In the case of men, they adopted western dress more easily than women due to the influence of colonialism. Indian American men started wearing a western style of dress even from the first-generation. However, most of these first-generation Indian immigrants do not have a correct idea of the weather and climate system of the U.S. For example, an Indian man, who came to America in the winter of 1994, was wearing a light silk suit and shivering outside. One old man saw him and told him: Son, this is not the time to show off your new silk suit. I told you how it is going to be cold here today. If you catch a cold or become sick, nobody will take care of you in this country. Here you have to take care of yourself. All the money your family spent on making this suit for America will go down drain in one doctors visit here. There will be other occasions when you can use this suit! . Indian women immigrants are recognized mainly by their traditional dress called sari. Accordingly many female Indian immigrants try to preserve their culture by continuing to wear this kind of traditional dress. Saris are considered works of art due to the careful design and color combinations. However, in the workplace they alternatively wear western style clothing. An Indian woman who immigrated to America during the 1990s was forced to wear Western dress due to her job requirements as a cashier in a store. She said the following: See, I have to wear these mens clothes here. Its ok because I am doing mens job here. Our clothes do not fit in this American culture. To feel Indian, we can wear our own clothes when we are not on the job Before coming to America, she had never worked outside of her house and wore only traditional clothing. However, she adapted to the Western dress because American culture forced her to do so . Khandelwal continues to suggest that US born immigrant children are unlikely to continue wearing traditional dress. For example, young female immigrants in America prefer having readily made kurta-pyjama outfits to the saris, because they do not know how to wear these saris . At the same time, weddings among Indian Americans still continue to be traditional, in which the couple wears traditional dresses either bought in America or brought from India during a visit to the home country. However, due to some specific reasons, some of the Indian American immigrants and their children mostly use western styles only. For example, Nikki Haley, a daughter of Sikh Indian immigrants and one of the current rising stars in the Republican Party, wears mostly a suit, rejecting the sari in order to gain greater public acceptance while running for governor of South Carolina in November 2010 . There is a significant difference in clothing style between India and the U.S. Immigrants who desire to retain their cultural style of dress will have different experiences with acculturation than those who are willing to accept western standards. This plays a bigger role in the lives of women immigrants than for men. 3.2.3 Religion Religion plays a major role in the life style of Asian Indian Americans. Religious beliefs and practices are intricately interwoven with the aspects of acculturation and cultural identity of these immigrants. So it is important to understand the influence of religion on the acculturation of Asian Indian immigrants. India is a country of diverse religions such as Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Judaism and Buddhism. Among these religions, 82.6 % of Indians practice the Hindu religion which makes up a clear majority of the population, while the remaining 17.4% of the population practices Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Judaism and Parsis . These percentages reflect the population of India; however, Pakistan and Bangladesh have larger percentages of population which practice Islam. The existence of many religions in India indicates that religion plays a major role for Indian people. Thus, most of the Indian people have one religious belief, whether it is Hindu, Islam, Christianity, etc. Each immigrant community brought its own sociological traditions from its place of origin, including ethical and religious behaviors. In the same way when Indians first started to migrate to the United States, they essentially had to carry out religious practices and teachings on their own . As the population of immigrants practicing Hinduism increased, so increased the number of religious organizations. With the development of a greater Hindu population practicing religion at home and in specific religious organizations became the norm. Leonard also noted that as the number of Indian immigrants has increased, religion has naturally become more important, as it has become a part of Indian American identity. Hinduism helps Indian Americans differentiate themselves in the United States, from mainstream U.S. culture as well as from other Asian and South Asian groups . Like earlier immigrants, the post-1965 Indian immigrants maintained their belief system, which provided an important way to keep and transmit their values to following generations . Most of the Indian immigrants in America can practice their religion. As an Indian immigrant Rupu notes: I think thats what it is about America. Thats what brought everybody here. Its that being American you can be who you want to be and still be an American. Theres a freedom of religion, a freedom of expression . In America, the practice of Hinduism reflects its American surroundings. For instance, most related religious activities take place on weekends in order to suit work schedules and priests explain sacred texts in English, rather than Hindi or Sanskrit . Asian American immigrants faced lot of challenges due to strong religious beliefs which influenced their acculturation. For example, their religious beliefs may be challenged or even given up as they are exposed to the religious beliefs, practices, symbols, and rhetoric of the mainstream culture. For Asian American immigrants who are faced with prejudice, racism, and discrimination, religious conversion may provide a sense of refuge and facilitate processes of assimilation and acculturation, which may explain why the majority of Asian Americans in the United States identify themselves as Christian . But one should not assume that Asian American immigrants adopt Christianity merely as a way to be accepted by the majority culture. Indeed, for some Asian American immigrants, Christianity is their religion of choice. However, it is different in the case of immigrants from India. As Khandelwal claims, unlike other Asian immigrants, Indians who are mostly from Hindu religion, have displayed little questioning of their faiths and they are unlikely to convert to another religion. Moreover, Hinduism, the dominant religion in India, faces the challenge of being a minority religion in America, where Christianity is dominant . These immigrants will therefore face the challenge of maintaining their belief system in the minority, which is opposite from their homeland. This in turn, will affect their acculturation process greatly as they struggle with their religious views. Clearly religion plays a major role in the process of adapting to a new culture. Religion is especially important for Asian Indian immigrants, who already place a high value on their own belief system. Whether holding fast to their own religion, or converting to some other religion, these immigrants will practice some kind of religion after their arrival in the U.S. 3.2.4 Food Indians who have a vast variety of food habits have a hard time adapting easily to Western food. One of the major causes for this lies in the great number of religions practiced by Indian immigrants. As a result of religious food laws many of Indias people do not consume animal products, which include eggs. The work of Bankston and Hidalgo shows that Indian immigrants are highly unwilling to change their food consumption habits. For example, most Indian Hindus avoid beef and pork, while Pakistanis avoid pork and alcoholic beverages. Most Indians prefer meals from their own culture. However, in households with children, American style meals have become more frequent . Indians have preferred home-cooked meals for a long time, and it has been a part of their culture. They believe that eating at home together with all members of their family is an important ritual for bonding with each other. Many Indian Americans continue to preserve their traditional food habits in America. However, most of the Indians are also adapting to Western food. One example is that pizza is the next alternative food in popularity when compared to their native foods, as well as a timesaver when cooking at home. Indian parents in America expect their children to appreciate home-cooked food more than meals eaten outside the home, although sometimes US born children have a hard time understanding why they need to eat homemade food . Some Indians run Indian restaurants, where they serve national food for not only Indians but also other Americans. As Indian food is mainly spicy, the waiters ask American customers if they prefer their food mild, medium or spicy. One owner of an Indian restaurant had the following to say: I have seen situations where Indian food can send them sweating all over [running to decrease their spiciness by drinking more water or juices] that is not good for our business, so we try to accommodate them . For many Indian immigrants food plays a major role in the acculturation process. While religion prohibits complete adaptation to American food, traditional spices and preparation of Indian cuisine varies greatly from that of Western cuisine. This also plays a role in preventing some Indians from accepting the new style of food. Naturally everyone must eat, therefore food plays a major role in the acculturation process. 3.2.5 Marriage Customs According to Indian tradition, Indians get married based on an arranged marriage usually within their own community. This tradition has been preserved from generation to generation. The selection of a marriage partner depends on a set of persons recommended by the partners families (with the full approval and consent of the parents). Family or community members continue to be involved in the selection of a suitable mate. The family and educational backgrounds of the potential partner are thoroughly examined before introductions are made. Indians believe that their children will be happier if they are married to someone who shares the same history, tradition, religion, and social customs and who will be able to impart these values to their children, thus ensuring the continuity of the community. They believe that such marriages made within the community tend to be more stable and long lasting than those that cross community borders . In fact, many American born Asian Indians encounter tremendous obstacles in dating and marriage. On the one hand, their parents warn them not to date until they marry and expect that the children get married according to an arranged marriage which is a custom brought over from India . Indian parents believe that sexual contact before the marriage is immoral and corrupt. On the other hand, the American born children have friends for whom dating is very common and normal. These immigrants desire to fit in the environment in which they find themselves. Accordingly there have been many cases where some Indian lovers are secretly married, and in the worst case, some couples have committed suicide as of result of their relationship being rejected by family. However, some Asian Indian American men and women still prefer to return to their homelands for arranged marriages. In these cases, family members at home seek out appropriate possibilities for marriage to their son or daughter. At the right time, the son or daughter returns home to choose from the candidates assembled by their family . Even the other religion practiced by these immigrants plays a role in the process of acculturation. For example Muslim parents usually accept interfaith marriages for boys, because children customarily follow the fathers faith. However, daughters face a greater challenge because parents do not want their grandchildren to lose their Islamic affiliation . Some Indians came after their marriage in India, whereas some came as students. Most of the students have returned to India for getting married. There are also a few instances where an Indian married an American because of the relationship between the countries and individuals. Other Indians have dated Americans. However, the fact is that dating is not a traditional Indian custom and Indian parents tend to warn their children not to date, although they are slowly yielding to their offsprings demands to be allowed to date . The situation of arranged marriages in India is changing too. As second-generation immigrants Sanjay and Veera observed that: Even in India you see people pushing back and becoming more Westernized, more mainstream. Ive seen my cousins, and [by, #184] leaps and bounds, theyve gone past what is traditional. [Indian American young adults] dont drink and smoke and have lived a sheltered life. Theyve always lived at home and havent gone out much. My cousins in India are more advanced. A lot of my cousins married their boyfriends . Customs surrounding marriage can have a major impact on the acculturation process. Especially for those coming from India, where marriages are still arranged by family, the concept of dating before marriage creates an obstacle for many parents and their children. While customs among Indian immigrants are changing, allowing for young people to find their own spouse, many first-generation immigrants have a hard time letting go of old habits. For these families the acculturation process will be influenced by the marriage customs of the U.S. 3.2.6 Language Different languages are spoken in India depending on different regions. Some languages are quite independent and difficult to understand by the neighboring people who speak a different language. In spite of these language differences, most people are able to speak Hindi due to its status as a national language and English due to British colonial rule for two centuries in India. The Indian government recognized the English language as an additional official language. Language is one of the main norms that brings people together and helps them to adapt to the U.S. Proficient English knowledge is one of the reasons Indians migrate to America, and it also helps them to assimilate more easily into life in America . After 1965 most of the Indians arrived in America from different language groups. However, they all knew English. Most immigrants join Indian communities, where they can practice not only Hindi but also their regional language. As Khandelwal claims, first and second-generation immigrants practice different uses of language in America. As for the first-generation, they tend to speak English and at the same time they tend to maintain their native language. However, first-generation immigrants face linguistic problems to speak American English due to their thick Indian accent. The second-generation immigrants who are already born and brought up in the US are usually thought to speak English with an American accent and rejected their parents Indian accent, in turn; their parents considered their childrens English as too American. These second-generation Indian immigrants are involved with Indian languages through movies, songs or when they visit India. Though they understand their parents language, most of them are not able to speak or to write it . According to Khandelwal, the first-generation immigrants tend to be more integrated speaking both English and their mother tongue, whereas the second-generation grows up speaking English as a mother tongue and learn their parents language only to satisfy their parents wishes. Obviously, language plays an important role in the acculturation process for Indian immigrants. While many immigrants have already learned English before they arrived, their English proficiency affects their ability to assimilate into the new culture.

Analysis of Turkeys Economy

Analysis of Turkeys Economy More and more investors opt for a property in Turkey. Turkey is a country with a good prognosis and high added value. Turkey has been for some years a popular country for real estate investors. The proximity to Europe makes its choice on this beautiful country fall more and more prospective buyers. The cheap real estate and land prices also do so. Their very high wages allow the builders to purchase their own home at an affordable price. Turkey is a very big country. Therefore, there is no lack of space, and therefore the real estate prices are still extremely low. Property in Turkey is also a safe investment and promises a very high growth. Who won’t buy a property that gets a secure proof of ownership and is recorded as the owner in the land register? Property can be inherited from foreigners without problems. There are very clear laws in this regard. Only, the prospective buyers should not wait with a decision for too long. If Turkey is once member of the European Union, th e real estate prices will probably go there very quickly to the top. Key words: Turkey, Development, Investments, Real estates, Environment LIST OF FIGURES INTRODUCTION In a time of global crisis and uncertainty, in the course of which follow consecutive interest rate cuts by central banks and thus remain only very limited opportunities for returns for investors in savings, it is important to consider alternative investments in order to achieve attractive returns. With these considerations are thought to investing in real estate are increasingly also in addition to a riskier investment in individual equities or equity funds. Finally, these have the reputation to be valuable and inflation-proof investments. Since the Bosnian real estate market, however, does not list any high returns and capital appreciation over many years, the view stretches across the borders and abroad. While immediate neighbors and major industrial nations are hardly different from the Bosnian real estate market due to their already mature real estate market from a yield perspective is directed to the profit-oriented view of the riskier investors towards the representative of the emerging markets. These emerging markets are from Europe in particular countries such as Bulgaria, Romania, Russia and Turkey. Here, specifically, Turkey offers not only as a holiday destination some very interesting reasons for a long-term investment in the local real estate market. Analysts already captioned that Turkey is the India of Europe and pointed it out to an emerging nation. For a country with a young and growing population of over 70 million people in the cities grow steadily by strong immigration and more and more households arise, and whose economy is continuously stable and offers multiple opportunities. How much potential is really in this market and where exactly may even have hidden the risks, should be clarified in this work. 1. GEOGRAPHY AND INFRASTRUCTURE OF TURKEY One investment in a foreign country should be preceded by several considerations and analyzes, so transparency is created, information asymmetries are reduced and the risk of wrong decisions is minimized by ignorance. Especially with investments in land and real estate investor binds itself to the country and cannot be transferred later to another location of the property. Therefore, in almost any other investment, the location plays a more important role than in real estate investments. Both the geographical location as well as the infrastructural characteristics of the country should be incorporated with and analyzed before a decision is taken. 1.1. Geographical Location With a large area, Turkey spans over two continents. While only 3% of the 814,578 km  ² is located on the continent of Europe, 97 % of the land areas are assigned to the Asian continent. The European part of the country is called Thrace, while the Asian part of the country known as Anatolia (Onis, Senses; 2013). The geographical division of the country carried out in seven regions. Among these regions are: Marmara Region Black Sea Region Mediterranean region Aegean Region Central Anatolia Eastern Anatolia Southeastern Anatolia Located in Central Anatolia Ankara is the capital of Turkey, but the main artery of the country is in the northwest of Istanbul. It is the most populous city, also the economic and cultural center of the country and leads the European and Asian side of the Bosporus Bridge together. On the whole, Turkey is divided into 81 provinces, each with an appointed Governor of Ankara. The total length of the borders of Turkey is about 9650 km, of which about 7200 km are bounded by the sea. In the north of Turkey is the Black Sea, to the south of the Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea to the west. In addition, Turkey shares with eight neighboring states his countrys borders, which make up a length of about 2650 km. While Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan bordering Turkey in the north-east, Iran to the east, Iraq and Syria to the south, and Greece and Bulgaria is situated in the northwest. Figure 1: Map of Turkey, Source: Lonely Planet; 2014 1.2. Infrastructure The infrastructure of a real estate market is a crucial factor for the evaluation of its attractiveness as an investment. Especially with real estate investments, the supply and disposal standards of the place and its transport links and road quality as part of the technical infrastructure are significant. But also the social infrastructure of the town plays an important role prior to the purchase of property by public institutions such as schools, doctors, hospitals and leisure facilities. About the total area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Turkey away no single standard can be seen. Regional differences in infrastructure quality are available. While European standards are common in the west and south of the country, as well as in the capital Ankara, the population still lives in parts of eastern Anatolia with limitations in the supply of electricity and water. Also the nature of the roads, especially those leading to the villages are still away from western examples. In the analysis of the Turkish real estate market in the following only those regions are studied in detail, which are the primary focus of the investor and already dominated by European standards. Investors prefer the regions in and around Antalya and the Aegean. But the city of Istanbul is a major player in Turkey in attracting investment capital for the benefit of its building projects and existing properties. Especially Istanbul needs to make further investments in the infrastructure. For in the Turkish cities took place in the past decades the colonization mostly without development plans. In Istanbul, for example, increased the built-up areas from 1990 to 2005 by more than 40 %. Contrast can be explained by the rapid growth of the expansion of the transport, water, sewage and electricity networks to the extent necessary to ensure hardly. Local governments continue to try to curb this haphazard growth and to establish structures and order, as well as a nationwide transport network. The necessary financial resources, however, are currently the main obstacle to tackle this problem. Therefore, a stronger private sector engagement imperative, but for the time being unlikely, as the first commitment to other areas, such as building construction concentrated. However, a role model takes the waste disposal company Remondis (Finkel; 2012). As part of a joint venture, they invested in the treatme nt of wastewater and offer their services around four million residents of different municipalities. 2. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY The economic development of a country is the assessment of the countrys investment is crucial. This section deals with the economic development and the future prospects of Turkey, and the pulse-generating, political factors. 2.1. Historical review and macroeconomic environment The current financial crisis, which has its origins in the U.S. subprime market and initially transformed into a global financial crisis to finally trigger a major global economic crisis has hit many countries hard. Many economies are in consequence of this crisis in a recession and that is why the International Monetary Fund (IMF), with only 0.5% growth in the global economy in 2009. Turkey had to overcome in 2001, a devastating economic crisis which was triggered by a public dispute in the spring of 2001 between the then Prime Minister Bà ¼lent Ecevit and President Ahmet Sezer Nejdet about the corruption in the country, the markets and the people lost their trust in the government. Aside from corruption, mismanagement and especially an ailing banking system were the main points of criticism and eventually triggered the crisis. In the course of the dispute between the two politicians, stock markets lost up to 18 % of its value in just one day and over a third in just a few days. The previously linked to major currencies like the U.S. dollar and the Euro Turkish Lira had to be released by the central bank because of capital flight by investors and was thus subjected to the forces of foreign exchange markets. Within a day by the Turkish lira lost 27% against the U.S. dollar and inflation soared to levels of over 60%. Short-term debt costs over 5,000 %. Indebted co mpanies had to go, because of the unaffordable interest on debt to file for bankruptcy and forced hundreds of thousands, into unemployment. A severe recession with values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹above 8 % was the result. The IMF had gripped Turkey in this situation with a state credit under the arms and saved from a possible bankruptcy, also acts in the later stages as the guardian of fiscal policy and important reforms. While today the financial system totters around the world, to intervene in many countries, the state, and large companies need to pull the ripcord, the Turkish banking system has proved to be stable during the crisis. Since the Turkish mortgage system subprime loans are not permitted and the banking system is well regulated, remained Turkish banks from the crisis largely spared. Only less than half a percent of the real estate lending in Turkey are in financial difficulties. The Turkish banking institutions were restructured during the economic crisis of 2001 and strengthened. A number of key structural reforms have been initiated to improve the system. For example, many institutions were taken over by the state, mergers and acquisitions which took place and the equity ratio was increased (2007 the average was 18.8 %). The core business was accelerated; risk transactions which could be made due to the harsh regulations were very limited. Thanks to these reforms, Turkish banks were no t directly affected by the current crisis, but lead to a decline in business due to the decrease in the number of lending’s (Bekmen, Akà §a, Ãâ€"zden; 2013). Noteworthy is the development after the reforms, because a lot of foreign capital flowed particularly in the banking sector and this explains the sharp increase in foreign direct investments in recent years in Turkey. In 2007, the investment reached a record level of 21.9 billion U.S. dollars. Foreign investors hold more than 40 % of the total capital in the banking sector. Figure 2. Turkish GDP development, Source: Martina Bozadzhieva; emerging markets insights; 2012 In the last five years before the global economic crisis, Turkey has the ideal conditions used well through the restructuring and recorded an average growth rate of the gross domestic product of 6.9 % and also reported a sharp decline in inflation to single digit level. The increasing integration into world trade, played a major role as the taller economic stability, as well as the ever- progressing implementation of structural reforms, such as the liberalization of major industries and the banking sector. But Turkey harbors in its economic and political composition and hazards. It is always susceptible to both external and internal shocks. Thus, the economic fundamentals are still behind those of the so-called BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) countries. In addition, the enormous dependence on foreign capital, inflationary pressures re-occurring and the risks of political unrest as a constant accompaniment of Turkey and a disruptive positive development of the economy happened . A worsening of these conditions, easily lead to the absence of important foreign capital inflows. Regardless of the development in Turkey is currently also observed that the investors the means are assumed due to the global economic crisis and therefore supposedly riskier assets such as be exchanged in Turkey against secure government bonds denominated in U.S. dollars or Euros. So Turkey suffered here indirectly from the crisis. 2.2. Political Environment The political developments in Turkey were always filled with special explosiveness of it is domestic stability but also economic stability dependence. Most of the political environments are more of a risk for the development of Turkey. The overdosed striving for power of Turkish politicians, and corruption instead of profit reforms, the Kurdish issue, the disparity between East and West, but also in particular the role of the Turkish military form regularly uncertainties for outside observers and investors. So the military has already taken three times with military interventions influence on the government and in a fourth time in 1997 by threat of a coup, the government moved to withdraw. For the democracy in the country and security of the markets, these are not supportive measures. In Turkey, took place 2009 nationwide local elections on March 29. The result was this: the ruling Justice and Development Party structure (AKP) of Prime Minister Erdogan remains with 38.79 % at the top and despite vocal losses it retains a clear edge over the opposition. The opposition Republican Peoples Party (CHP) reached in these elections only 23.13 % and 16.05 % voted for the right-wing Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). The Democratic Peoples Party (DTP) was 5.67%, while the Islamist Felicity Party (SP) got 5.16 % of votes. The success of the AKP can be attributed to their closeness to the people. However, there are nationwide protests as soon as the Islamization makes itself felt. Because the Turkish people, which is indeed tied to religious values, it does not tolerate radical Islamisation (Richards, Waterbury, Cammett, Diwan; 2013). In particular, the official opening of accession negotiations with the EU and the efforts to enforce the necessary reforms convinced the elector ate. However, it should be noted here that the AKP, like other parties, has also its own â€Å"nepotism built. The opposition has special attention paid during the election campaign to make the electorate to such events carefully. The people today no longer has confidence in the CHP, the campaign was rather unsuccessful. The CHP, founded by Ataturk is considered too â€Å"foreign national perceived, as their efforts do not comply with the wishes of the faithful Turks. It is irreligious and rejects both privatization, foreign direct investment, as well as the EU requirements. Just tried at one time point at which Turkey to integrate into the world economy and to attract foreign capital flows, the setting of the CHP is undesirable. The nationalist MHP is especially popular in provinces in which the Kurdish internal migration rate is high. The Kurds, an estimated 20 %, that is, Represented 10-15 million of the total population, mostly choose the DTP, but the religious among them trust the AKP. The radical DTP is alleged to that it is under terrorist influences, the nationalists are a good excuse to stamp Kurds as separatists. Turkey has now assumed an important position in world politics. Thanks to its geographical location, Turkey is an â€Å"intersection† in different regions: the Middle East, Caucasus, Russia, the Balkans and Europe. For this reason, the Turkish foreign policy by the Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu as a multidimensional† is referred to, EU accession negotiations on one hand and growing cooperation with other regions on the other. Especially in the Middle East, Turkey has extended its influence, by taking on, for example, the role of mediator in the peace negotiations between Israel and Syria. However, the commitment of the Turkish government in other regions is not a sign of a turning away from the West. After joining the EU is one of the main objectives of Turkish foreign policy. This can also be seen in the efforts of the government to speed up the reform process. In October 2005, the EU formally opened accession negotiations with Turkey. Expert opinions consequence is a conclusion of negotiations with a final political decision at the earliest possible in ten years. Major points of criticism are still the Cyprus conflict, fighting corruption, institutional reform and freedom of religion. In addition, Germany and France obstruct been categorically as heavyweights of the EU towards the EU Turkey accession and prefer a privileged partnership between the candidate countries. Since the talks began, 10 of the 35 negotiating chapters have already been opened and already completed one (science and research). What should be noted is that a prospect of EU membership, the Turkish real estate market offers a lot of imagination for capital gains and progressive success in negotiations is likely to give new impetus to the sector. Thus, it was observed that, for example, after the commencement of accession negotiations for EU membership of Bulgaria in 1999 and shortly before announcement of the accession to the EU, real estate prices in Bulgaria have increased significantly in 2005. Although the EU has been provided only for 2007, prices went even advance on speculation in the air. From 2003 to 2004, a price jump of 80 percent was recorded in the following year, after all, still an average of 36 percent. A similar effect cannot be ruled out for the Turkish property market, even if have already taken place in recent years, significant price increases regardless of EU accession negotiations (McKiernan, Purg; 2013).

The Last Of The Mohicans :: essays research papers

The Last of the Mohicans The story The Last Of The Mohicans takes place in eastern Canada and in the area of modern New York State. This area is also called the St.Lawernce Low Lands. The book takes place in the year 1757 during the third year of the colonial wars between England and France. The books main character is about a man named Hawkeye who is a white man but his parents were killed and he was raised by a mohican man named Chingachgook. In the book Hawkeye helps a English soldier named Duncan who is escorting the two daughters of a English General Named Munro to Fort William Henry. Hawkeye Takes them to the Fort will it is under attack. Then the fort is captured by the French and everyone in the fort must leave. While they are leaving they are attacked by a band of Indians led by A Indian chief named Magua. During the battle Hawkeye escapees With Cora and Alice. The Cora and Alice are captured by Magua. Then Hawkeye and Uncas go after them and Cora and Uncas are killed. Chingachgook and Uncas are the only Mohicans left and when Uncas dies Chingachgook is the last one giving the book its title. The main character of the book is Hawkeye. Hawkeye is described as having a big head and narrow shoulders. His arms are long and skinny and he has small hands. He also has thin legs which are very long. Hawkeye is much like a Metis Because he is white and educated but raised an Indian. Hawkeye at first does not want to get involved in the war he only wants to go and trap and make some money. He only wants to take them to the fort but then he falls in love and he stays. In the book Hawkeye faces a big challenge. Munro's daughters are taken hostage by a ruthless Indian chief named Magua. Hawkeye tries saving them but Cora is killed. During the battle his adopted brother Uncas is killed. Then Chingachgook says the Mohican seed is will not be carried on to another generation but Hawkeye tells him that it will because he is Mohican at heart. The most interesting part of the book was the last battle on the rocks. The battles are the easiest to understand. They are also the most exciting they also make Hawkeye a hero type figure because he is a good fighter. Love is a major theme in the book. Hawkeye and Uncas fight for their loves. In this fight Uncas and Cora die. The Last Of The Mohicans :: essays research papers The Last of the Mohicans The story The Last Of The Mohicans takes place in eastern Canada and in the area of modern New York State. This area is also called the St.Lawernce Low Lands. The book takes place in the year 1757 during the third year of the colonial wars between England and France. The books main character is about a man named Hawkeye who is a white man but his parents were killed and he was raised by a mohican man named Chingachgook. In the book Hawkeye helps a English soldier named Duncan who is escorting the two daughters of a English General Named Munro to Fort William Henry. Hawkeye Takes them to the Fort will it is under attack. Then the fort is captured by the French and everyone in the fort must leave. While they are leaving they are attacked by a band of Indians led by A Indian chief named Magua. During the battle Hawkeye escapees With Cora and Alice. The Cora and Alice are captured by Magua. Then Hawkeye and Uncas go after them and Cora and Uncas are killed. Chingachgook and Uncas are the only Mohicans left and when Uncas dies Chingachgook is the last one giving the book its title. The main character of the book is Hawkeye. Hawkeye is described as having a big head and narrow shoulders. His arms are long and skinny and he has small hands. He also has thin legs which are very long. Hawkeye is much like a Metis Because he is white and educated but raised an Indian. Hawkeye at first does not want to get involved in the war he only wants to go and trap and make some money. He only wants to take them to the fort but then he falls in love and he stays. In the book Hawkeye faces a big challenge. Munro's daughters are taken hostage by a ruthless Indian chief named Magua. Hawkeye tries saving them but Cora is killed. During the battle his adopted brother Uncas is killed. Then Chingachgook says the Mohican seed is will not be carried on to another generation but Hawkeye tells him that it will because he is Mohican at heart. The most interesting part of the book was the last battle on the rocks. The battles are the easiest to understand. They are also the most exciting they also make Hawkeye a hero type figure because he is a good fighter. Love is a major theme in the book. Hawkeye and Uncas fight for their loves. In this fight Uncas and Cora die.