Ruther Gruber – American Jews

Ruther Gruber is a Jewish writer, journalist and photographer originally from US, who is known for her work in rehabilitant several Jews who were persecuted in Europe. She belonged to a Russian Jewish family. She was born in Philadelphia in September 30, 1911, lived year life as a child in Pennsylvania, and later moved to Europe for studies. She is known for rescuing several Jews from oppression under the Nazi Germany of Hitler (Servin, 2001). Ruther Gruber had completed her Ph. D.studies in Cologne when she was only 20 years old, and at that time the youngest person in the world to earn a Ph. D degree. She had completed her Ph. D studies in Art History, Modern English Literature and German Philosophy. Gruber was shocked at the threats dictatorship under Hitler proved against the Jews. She was also concerned about Hitler’s feeling about other countries of the world such as US, Europe, etc. Once she completed her studies she returned to the US in the year 1931.She joined a care er as a journalist in the year 1932 and joined the New York Herald Tribune in the year 1935. She initially wrote a series of books about women facing communism and dictatorship. Ruth Gruber traveled to several countries including Siberia, Eastern Europe and the Northern parts of Soviet Union, which was first for any American journalist. Following this she was given an assignment by the President’s Roosevelt Sectary (Harold Ickes) for determining the whether Alaska could be militarized after the World War 2 (Jewish Virtual Library, 2009).In the year 1944, Ruther Gruber was given the most important assignment of her life to lead a secret special mission in rescuing 1000 Jewish people from Nazi Germany who were imprisoned in concentration camps in Italy and bringing them back alive to America. Ruther Gruber worked as a General for this particular project. During her travel in the American ship from America to Europe, it was continuously attacked by German fighter planes and subm arines.Ruther Gruber managed to save the 1000 Jewish refugees from the concentration camps in Germany, but there was no law in the US that permitted the refugees to be free or to have residency in the US. The refugees were stationed in a decommissioned training camp in New York for 2 years, after which President Roosevelt decided to give them permanent residency in the US (due to strong recommendations from Gruber). These Jewish refugees later became radiologists in the US, developing new radiological techniques such as CT-scans and MRI-scans.In 1946, once her role in the rehabilitation of the Jewish refugees was enabled, Gruber returned to her former profession with the New York Post. She was asked to cover the formation of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry on Palestine (Gruber, 2003). Gruber played a role in ensuring the settlement of more than 100, 000 European Jewish refugees in the newly created state of Palestine in 1947. Gruber often accompanied the UN Special Committee on Palestine to missions to Europe and Middle East, representing the New York Herald.She had captured the incidents of the attack by British destroyers on the American Pleasure Boat Exodus carrying Jewish refugees and orphans. Gruber strongly criticized the event and created a lot of awareness of the Nazi-like attacks of Britain on Jewish refugees. She was terrible troubled by the pain and suffering that Britain had given to Jewish people (Jewish Virtual Library, 2009). Gruber got married in the year 1951 and was more into writing for magazines and newspapers. She often travels to Israel and spends time in her farmhouse in Italy (Gruber, 2003).Gruber is definitely a role model for the responsibilities she played whilst saving the 1000 Jewish refugees in Italy from the Nazi rule, ensuring that the 1000 refugees were effectively rehabilitated and also allowing the 100, 000 Jewish refugees to be resettled in the state of Israel. She was highly intelligent and motivated is clearly bein g suggested by her fulfilling her PhD when she was only 20 years. She was strongly against fascism and communism that created problems for women. Her photographs and writings strongly spoke her mind and what she wanted to fulfill in life.She was against abuse of Jewish people in Europe and strongly felt that providing them with a separate state would create a new home. Gruber is one of the few persons in the world who worked for a strong cause and was motivated in her work. References Gruber, R. (2003). Inside of Time: My Journey from Alaska to Israel, New York: Carroll & Graf. Jewish Virtual Library (2009). Ruth Gruber, Retrieved on June 6, 2009, from Web site: http://www. jewishvirtuallibrary. org/jsource/biography/gruber. html Servin, M. (2001). Ruth Ellen Gruber, Retrieved on June 6, 2009, from Web site: http://www. giotto. org/jesse/gruber. html

Issues in the Mock Negotiation Problem Essay

Being a member of the Local 5000 in this whole project I could point out numerous things that make the employees at Auto Products Corporation want things better. There seems to be issues at the Indianapolis plant concerning overtime, premium pay, and even subcontracting instead of using their own employees to do the work. What I have also gotten from this mock negotiation is that in the past, the union and management have been satisfactory. Different viewpoints: I have not had a very good experience with my teammates on this project. I agree that this should’ve been a fun project but it has been very stressful to me. As far as different viewpoints I feel again as though I’ve done this whole project by myself because everything I posted the only response I received most of the time is â€Å"sounds good†, â€Å"I agree†, â€Å"good idea†. I could go on and on about how my views differed from my teammates or how I feel like I had no help in the negotiation. I also feel as though I played the role of secretary and chairperson in this project but overall I am satisfied with the final results on our issues raised to management. Research Provided: Research was provided for my team by me concerning the current seniority clause, required overtime, and the issues concerning the company’s right to subcontract. The union wanted to stick to the current seniority clause, which management agreed, because it isn’t fair that junior employees can come in before a senior at the company to take the place of a job when a senior employee is qualified to fill the position. I provided the following research to my team from the textbook: In many contracts, seniority governs promotions when a senior employee is â€Å"qualified† to fill the position in question. Under others, seniority becomes the determining factor in promotions when the senior has the ability for the job in question equal to that of all other employees who may desire the better job.(Text page359) Sticking with the current seniority clause will ensure that positions are filled properly. Also, in the Mock Negotiation it states that the company has the right to require overtime in the existing contract but there was an issue raised by the employees that the supervisor isn’t fair and that they have been giving their friends the opportunity to earn the extra money and discriminating against the other employees. For this issue I provided the following research from the textbook: The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 places no restriction on employees to work more than 40 hours in a workweek, other than the employees who work more than 40 hours must be paid at least one and one-half times their regular rate of pay for all hours in excess of 40 hours. The textbook also states that when a supervisor makes an error in the regard of offering his/her friends to work overtime and discriminating others; the employer may be faced with a grievance filed by the employee and ask for the amount of money he/she would have earned if he/she would’ve worked. Also, the situation of paying for the same work twice at overtime rates.(text pages288-290) This could be a major disaster if the company doesn’t fix this and if it isn’t then many possible grievances can still be filed. On the issues concerning the company’s right to subcontract, in the negotiation it stated that for many years each skilled tradesperson has worked only within his or her trade and five months ago the company required a mechanic to do a job normally performed by a plumber. A grievance was filed and the arbitrator sustained the position of the union on the basis of the â€Å"past practice† principle. I provided the following research from the textbook for my team: The union should ask the the company add a subcontracting section in the labor agreement. The textbook gives an example of a subcontracting section in a labor agreement that states whenever the company contemplates contracting out any type of work normally performed by a maintenance employees, it shall inform the President, Chairman, and Grievance Committee and the affected Shop Steward of its intentions prior to making a decision to award the contract.(text page389)This would be great considering for many years the company had each skilled tradeperson working only within his or her trade. When the company required a mechanic for a job that normally was performed by a plumber the employee and union filed a grievance. The company should stick with â€Å"past practice† and continue to keep their tradepeople working only within his or her trade. If not then workrightspress.com states that stewards can do the following: Past practices grievances are well suited for group action. Unions can: †¢ Encourage numbers of workers to file grievances on the matter †¢ Distribute leaflets about the dispute †¢ Circulate petitions †¢ Hold meetings during breaks †¢ Picket before or after work or during breaks (being sure not to interfere with employees, suppliers, or shippers) Also in the textbook, the example also states that the union retains the right to examine any existing or new subcontracting agreement for the purposes of checking wage scales and the specific work contracted.(text page389) These are great things we could put in the subcontracting section of the labor agreement. Also in the subcontracting section in the labor agreement, I think the union should also ask that limitations be put in place such as: 1. Requiring the employer to have an agreement that subcontractors will be used only on special occasions ( where specialized equipment that isn’t on company premises is required or where special skills are needed ) 2. No-layoff guarantees to current employees (as in â€Å"no employee of any craft, which craft is being utilized by an outside contractor, shall be laid off as long as the outside contractor is in the plant doing work that employees in such craft are able to do.† 3. Provisions giving the union veto power over any or all subcontracting 4. Requirements that the management prove to the union that time, expense, or facility considerations prevent it from allowing current employees to perform the work. (text page388) The Local 5000 Union Demands: After reading the Mock Negotiation the union decided on the following demands mainly on the issues raised in the negotiation. The union has developed the following demands concerning the Mock Negotiation at Auto Products Corporation for the Indianapolis plant: 1. The union will not permit any change in the medical insurance program. The union wants to fight for better benefit packages, which would include a 401K and also better medical insurances. In the current contract, the medical insurance program does not cover employees that are laid off for more than 30 consecutive days and 80% of the employees laid off, have been laid off for longer than 30 consecutive days. We would like to ask that management remove this and also; still cover the employee’s on layoff, visits to physician offices, hospitals, and emergency rooms up to 60 days. 2. The union would also like to ask the company add a 401k, the union would ask that the company match dollar for dollar what the employees decide to put into their 401k.This will help employees’ retirement. We would also like to administer an Employee Stock Ownership Program which entitles employees’ 5 shares of company stock yearly. 3. The union would also like to stick with the current seniority clause that provides for promotions based on length of service and ability. If the company says that promotions are bid for on a departmental basis then the department that has the position open should be available to the candidate within the company that has seniority based on length of service and ability before a junior employee. 4. The union would also like to discuss the current contract about r equired overtime. The union insists on paying employees time-and-a-half while working these days and insisting that the company use a volunteer method when selecting the employees to work on these days. 5. I think that the union should also place a restriction on the company’s right to subcontract. No subcontracting can occur when skilled trades are available to do the work. When the company contemplates contracting out any type of work normally performed by a company employee, it shall inform the President, Chairman, and Grievance Committee and the affected Shop Steward of its intentions prior to making a decision to honor the contract; allowing the company to subcontract only if, all of their own personal resources have been exhausted. 6. As part of the union, I would also like recommend placing demands on management to allow for a supplementary unemployment benefit program to help dislocated workers. The first is supplementing the unemployment benefits of various state unemployment insurance systems. Second is allowing further income to still unemployed workers after state payments have been exhausted. Without sub pay, laid off workers will start looking for new employment and will most likely be unavailable to return to their original position when an opening occurs. We would also like to remind you that a sub pay clause can catch the attention of the most talented people looking for jobs, people like to work for companies that take care of their employees. Also asking management to supplement the union employee’s unemployment benefits (while laid off through no fault of their own) and allow for up to 90% of their original pay for a maximum of 52 weeks’. 7. I would like to recommend the union demand the removal of the no-strike clause because grievance procedures in some cases seem to not work like they should. I believe a strike or slowdown might help convince man agement that something needs to change. 8. The union would also like an annual wage increase for all workers along with adjusting the escalator clause in the current contract. The current contract provides for a $.03 increase in wages for each .4-point increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). We as the union ask that the company provides a $0.10 increase in wages for each 0.5-point increase in the CPI. I feel these demands were adequate for negotiations because these demands will benefit our employees and fix the problems that are going on at the plant. Although not all were agreed on the only demand that didn’t even get a second look would be adding a supplemental unemployment benefits for dislocated workers. Which I understand this is due to APC’s current costs due to the current loan the company has just borrowed. The Bargaining Zone: Going into this negotiation the union, in all, knew that APC would try and change the medical benefits for their employees. Our demand states that we weren’t going to accept any change to the medical benefits but our plan was to ask for this and negotiate in permitting the company to only pay 80% of medical costs throughout the new contract. Management and the union chairperson, Ziaria, agreed that the company pay for 65% of medical costs throughout the course of the new contract. Our final result was close to what we were original to in the first place so I’d say we accomplished what we wanted in the bargaining zone for this demand. Another demand in which we knew that management would counter on would be the current No-Strike Clause in the current contract. The union requested that this clause be removed and management wouldn’t accept this claiming â€Å"Auto Product Corporation is a production company. Feasibly, we are not able to produce the volumes of quality parts for our vendors when the company is being disrupted with strikes and work slowdowns. Our Local unions file grievances for their members and they go through the process. The contract contains a standard grievance procedure and provide for arbitration for all disputes arising under the contract. The company, with the help of its 3800 employees wants to remain vital to the community, vendors and families of our employees; we can only be effective, if we are producing quality parts.† But, the entire time, the union knew this wasn’t going to work and Paul had mentioned a No-Sue section to be added which management had no problem with. Our bargaining limits on this were accomplished with ease considering management said they had no problem adding this as long as the union was not directly involved or instigating a strike or slowdown. The Negotiation Process: Overall I would have to say that the negotiation process was somewhat difficult in the beginning because management was unsatisfied with our demands refusing pretty much all of them. I feel like the union was more willing to negotiate but that could be because our goal was the employees and the managements goal was reducing costs. For example, the union and management went back and forth on decreasing the amount of stewards to job families, trying to reduce stewards from having 60 to 20 and decreasing the amount of time they have to do grievance work daily. The union and management also went back and forth on non-productive time. Management wanted employees to clock out for lunch and then only have a 5 minute paid wash up at the end of their shift. The union agreed on clocking out for lunch but wanted to keep the 10 minute wash up and management wouldn’t accept this until the very end of negotiations. Besides these two matters, the negotiation process went rather smoothly. My personal thoughts: There are things that I wish would have went differently. For example, my teammates should’ve contributed more to discussions. I feel as though I was constantly waiting on a response from them and more than half the time I would only hear from Paul and as I discussed earlier he would respond mainly with â€Å"I agree† which gives me no other viewpoints or if I should have done things differently. Or, the would respond after deadlines to where I couldn’t change anything. Then, Ziaria, not being in hardly any of our discussions goes in the boardroom and conducts negotiations without even consulting with me or Paul. I understand though that you can’t always choose your teammates. Conclusion: Before conducting these negotiations I went into this thinking I wanted to be on a management team because I have always had this view of unions being dramatic. Instead, my views now are more pro-union because this negotiation has taught me that unions are there for your rights as an employee. When management tries to change the contract, you as an employee, should want the union there to try and get the best possible outcomes for all employees because management is just going to try and cut costs any way they can. Overall I found this project to be interesting and informative on the things that actual companies negotiate on. References: â€Å"The Mock Negotiation Problem.† Sloane, Arthur A., Witney, Fred. Labor Relations. Prentice Hall- Pearson Education, 2012. 435-440. Work Rights Press. How to Win Past Practice Grievances. n.d. 16 November 2012 .

An Analysis of the Declaration of Independence and Its Use

An Analysis of the Declaration of Independence and Its Use American history is recorded in various literature materials, such as biographies, books, articles, newspapers, and even statues. Although some of the events are directly stated in the sources, some information about the socio-political and economic issues can be inferred from them. Also, a lot of material on the peoples living statuses, their ideologies, needs, and wants can be gleaned from them. This is the case with the document The Declaration of Independence. It is a useful text that covers a myriad of historical happenings, the drive behind its making, and the authors ideologies and beliefs. Summary of the Declaration of Independence Having been fed up with the colonial system and governance of the British over America, a group of native legislators from thirteen states in the United States of America met to state their position on the matter. These individuals, led by John Adams from the state of Massachusetts, chose Thomas Jefferson to come up with a writing that detailed their grievances, their determination to be free, and the decision to declare that they will no longer be under the oppressive rules of the colonial government. Thus, Jefferson drafted these particular claims and put it before the committee of five congressmen to review and vary the contents where possible. The main tenets of The Declaration of Independence are two-faceted: the need to enjoy certain rights and the reasons for refusing to continue being governed by Great Britain. These forms are the basis for the preamble, which states that every man is equal and has particular inherent rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and the right to be happy; truths, which must not be denied. On the other hand, The Declaration of Independence narrates the ordeals that the Americans experienced. They include being forced to use foreign laws, forced taxation, extrajudicial killings, use of natural resources, and military forces to benefit the colonizer rather than the colonies and the refusal for the natives to have their own representatives in the legislature. The Analysis of the Document The Declaration of Independence was thus a response to the tyrannical British rule and the need to be free from its powers. During 1774, people had started to realize that no human being was less than the others through Enlightenment. In this sense, they wanted to be as free and independent as the colonizers, with the ability to make their own governing rules including their legislations. As a result, Americans needed to remove the barriers to their freedoms and violators of their human rights. One of the ways in which the Enlightenment affected the Declaration was in the need to have Americans making their own laws and defending their right to life, liberty, and making own social choices in place of those imposed on them by the British. These ideas are put in the form of the facts and reasons that brought the thirteen states together. For instance, a part of the Declaration states that He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected the State r emaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within (UShistory.org 1). Moreover, the main author of the Declaration, Thomas Jefferson was instrumental in giving the document its content, power, voice, and shape as it is. Being the leader of people, he voiced his discontentment about how Americans were denied the right to choose their own leaders into the parliament. This is constitutional rights that ensure that democracy is practiced. Also, human rights are protected by legislators who make them. As a consequence, when Jefferson saw that these rights were being infringed upon, he ensured that he find ways of allowing the subjects to enjoy them. That is why he included their violation as one of the grounds for defying colonial rule through the Declaration. Besides, the Declaration clearly shows that Americans were oppressed. They were paying mandatory and exorbitant taxes; they were forced to serve in the army for the benefit of the British government; their people were killed at the slightest opportunity, and the laws governing their existence were made by the British who neither knew nor understood the American peoples needs and wants. All these information is laid down in the Declaration in the form of facts submitted to a candid world (UShistory.org 1). Here, the facts are summaries of the sufferings and the need to be independent from the colonial rule. Contrarily, although The Declaration of Independence was framed by the need to have American political representation, freedom, and equality for every citizen, it sidelined some sections of the population, which were the women and minorities (Wade 1). These group of people was the most affected by the colonial rule, which forced them to provide labor for little or no pay at all. There is no portion of the declaration that states anything about their torture and mistreatment by the colonial regime (Wade 3). Therefore, it is always assumed that the only people who faced mistreatment and sufferings were men who served in the army, the American leaders who were denied the opportunity to make their own laws suitable for Americans needs, and the men who paid taxes as the heads of their families. In summary, The Declaration of Independence is an important source of American history, which was influenced by socio-political and economic ideologies. The main author, Thomas Jefferson, applied his political knowledge and experience to draft the text, which gave the citizens an opportunity to exercise constitutional rights of equality, right to life, and right of liberty as against the colonizers. Also, the document was shaped by the Enlightenment ideas, which called for human treatment of all human beings. Nonetheless, the source was exclusive of women and minorities plights as it completely failed to mention how they were oppressed.

Compare and contrast the republican forms of democracy Essay

Compare and contrast the republican forms of democracy - Essay Example Concerning this need, the personalities wanted for the American citizens’ access to better services in all the spheres of life. The common belief and the aspiration in this regard were that the achievement of the dream was only possible through the establishment of a representative democracy. Therefore, the bottom line is that all the three individuals championed for representative democracy. Another similarity is that despite John Adams being a former monarchist with Alexander Hamilton, he together with T. Jefferson and T. Paine were during the duration 1770-1780 strongly opposed to the hereditary monarchical rule. They all argued that the monarchical and aristocratic rule established a basis of power independent of the people. In this regard, all the three were indeed in agreement that the people must be the center of focus of the constitution. In the spirit of fighting to eliminate every element of monarchy, all the three were in agreement and indeed despised the idea of seeking the royal and the republican loans. They argued this was a vital ingredient toward the establishment of the monarchical and the aristocratic rule in America. The three argued that, in the height of a popular corrupt, some very desperate persons would be tempted to re-establish and initiate some hereditary offices in the land. The three were also in agreement concerning the rule of law. There was no doubt as to their commitment to have a nation governed by a system of rules that govern everyday life of the people. They derived this understanding from the literal and ever true meaning of a republic, now that they were republicans. The meaning as espoused then was that; â€Å" Republic being an empire of laws and not men, must establish a government in which all men, rich and poor, magistrates and subjects, the officers and people, masters and serva nts, the first citizen and the last one are equally subject to the

Vulnerable Population and Self-Awareness Paper Essay

Vulnerable Population and Self-Awareness Paper - Essay Example This impairs their quality of life by decreasing their subjective health and increasing depressive symptoms. Loneliness among widows could lead to cognitive decline and increased need to use health services available to them. This paper applies criteria in selecting a vulnerable population, studying the population’s demographics and reflecting on personal attitudes and values towards that population. There are over 13.7 million widowed individuals in the United States, with over 11 million of this number being women (Jenkins, 2009). Female survivors have outdistanced the men by an increasingly widening margin with women now representative of eighty percent of the population of widows in the US. In 1940, there were approximately twice as many widows as there were widowers, with this ratio climbing to 4:1 and expected to continue rising in the future. Several factors can explain this disparity between the two sexes. First, women have a longer lifespan compared to men with women living into their advanced years more than men do. Second, most men will marry women who are younger than they are, which increases their probability of outliving their spouse. Thirdly, widowers tend to remarry more than their female counterparts do; therefore, men tend to leave widowhood more than women do. 65% of women aged 65 and above are widowed, which reflects their greater life expectancy (Jenkins, 2009). Widows also undergo longer periods of grieving accompanied by feelings of guilt and retrospection of a past relationship mistakes. Before the demographic research, my view of widows was one of grief and loneliness. It seemed me that they were, in too much grief, to reconsider marriage due to their attachment to their late husbands or even out of respect to their children and the memories that they held of their late father. It also seemed that widows complained all the time, especially when in public. This was especially so with elderly widows who came to social meets by the mselves. I thought that they had no more reason to complain than widowers did, some of whom I knew personally to be very affable characters. However, after this demographic study, it is now clear that widows have very limited chances of remarrying. Despite their loneliness and want for companionship, by the time they get to 65, there are very few men available for re-marriage. The emotional loneliness that they experience is a subjective response to lack of intimate and close attachment. When they lose their husband, who was an intimate attachment, their identity becomes impaired since they have no one to foster a feeling of security, which leaves them in a state of isolation and aloneness. The demographic study also brought me closer to their social isolation. Whereas I thought they were socially isolated because of unending grief, it became clear that this was caused by lack of a social networks, or even dissatisfaction with their present social network. A lack of social integrati on makes them feel that they do not have friends. Social researchers feel that social isolation is can be measured by contacts and integration the widow has with the surrounding social environment (Owen, 2009). Healthcare professionals are in good positions of helping the elderly women suffering from loneliness, which in turn, leads to suffering from health problems. However,

Why Shanghai Free trade zone is a threat to Hong Kong Essay

Why Shanghai Free trade zone is a threat to Hong Kong - Essay Example In addition, it had one of the largest stock markets in the world. However, the Sino-Japanese War destroyed Shanghai. It was further shut down from 1949-1978 during the communist rule from any financial activities. In 1950, the Shanghai Stock Market was effectively shut down; thus, closing down Forex trading and speculation. Cai (2010) adds that there was the reallocation of financial institutions from Shanghai to Beijing. According to Chen (2007), the communist government gave a directive that the Soviet mode of heavy industry be adopted for Shanghai’s development. The impractical economic and political policies adversely affected the city’s infrastructure and economy. Consequently, many financiers and entrepreneurs left Shanghai for Hong Kong or overseas. While the economy of Shanghai was drastically declining, Hong Kong was developing fast and securing a place in the global economy. Nonetheless, economic reforms in China began in 1978, but Shanghai’s economic reforms started in 1990. Its economy has gradually been growing annually at the rate of 12%, and there has been reestablishment of financial activities in the city. Globally, Shanghai possesses a strong competitive manufacturing base. However, the economy is changing from export-oriented manufacturing to high-end services, such as, technology, finance and business. The gains it has made from this shift are evident in the GDP, that is, service sector gives a GDP of 60.7% whereas 39.3% of the GDP comes from manufacturing. It also has established capital markets, which are: the Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE), the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) and the Shanghai Gold Exchange (SGE). In 2012, Shanghai’s bonded zones had a trade volume of more than $100 billion. By comparison, New Jersey and New York ports recorded a combined trade volume of $210.5 billion last year. It is projected that Shanghai, being a free trade zone, is likely to surpass the combined trade volume of New Jersey and New York in the next few years. According to the World Shipping Council, the tonnage, that is, the twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) of container weight, reported from Shanghai’s ports was higher than that of Hong Kong and Singapore. Shanghai’s ports had 31.7 million tons in 2011, which went up in 2012 to 32.58 million tons. Singapore had 31.64 million TEUs, whereas Hong Kong had 23.10 million TEUs (Knight & Ding, 2012). Shanghai has a geographical advantage over Hong Kong, which has favored its development into the biggest and prosperous port city. It is flanked with the ocean and rivers, which provides the natural foundation for its development. It is well linked to other locations of the country, which makes it one of the main towns in southeast China. Shanghai is positioned halfway next to China’s eastern coastline, and on the eastern tip of Yangtze River Delta. In the north, it borders Yangtze River’ estuary; to the south, it borders Hangzhou Bay and to the west, it borders Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces. It also borders the Huangpu River to the west. This means that the port has the capability of handling many cargo ships, as compared to Hong Kong, which is evident in the high tonnage it reported compared to Hong Kong (Cai, 2010). One of the key policy changes that will enhance the success of the Shanghai free trade zone is the free convertibility of the yuan (Gamble, 2013). The yuan has been a tightly controlled currency, which had been restricted in the global market unlike the other power currencies. The free convertibility of the yuan will encourage more investors in the Chinese economy. For example, organizations registered in the zone will have

Human resources internal and external recruitment Essay

Human resources internal and external recruitment - Essay Example An example of an internal recruitment is that if an employee X is working as personnel manager in an organization, and there is a vacancy for a post of senior personnel manager, the employee X can be selected to fill the vacancy. The significance of internal recruitment to the organization is that it is cheap. Persons within the organization do not require training for the job, since they are already accustomed to the processes and procedures inside an organization. A further significance is that the employee will require minimal time to adapt in the new office compared to a person from a different organization. An example is when one applies for a job position in a different company that offers an opportunity. The person is transferred from the company he/she was working initially, and moves to a completely new environment. The significance of external recruitment to the organization is that it equips the organization with new skills. The skills are brought along by the new employees employed in the organization. An example of these skills can be efficient management coordination by the individual employed in the organization. External recruitment also increases the reputation of the institute in the job market. The increased popularity of the organization in the job market leads to growth of the organization (Byrnes, 2009). Recruitment is a crucial process that involves the cooperation of both parties in an organization. Internal and external recruitments are both methods of choosing and hiring employees to work in an

Good Morning, Vietnam; Good Night, Reality Essay

Good Morning, Vietnam; Good Night, Reality - Essay Example The film is fairly accurate in what it does portray: Croanuer is a hot-shot Deejay brought in to entertain (and thereby distract) the troops and is welcomed by his peers while several of his superiors are nervous about his lack of respect for authority. Cronauer blends well enough in his new environment, even taking on a class teaching Vietnamese - although this is to meet a love interest. He befriends the girl's brother, Tuan, fighting to get him into the locally owned G.I. Bar Jimmy Wah's. Cronauer is supended from the air when he ignores the censor by announcing the subsequent bombing of Jimmy Wah's. After his return to radio, Cronauer goes into the field to do remote interviews, unknowingly walking into enemy occupied territory. Tuan finds and rescues Cronauer, who returns to find that he is be reassigned to a different location, due to his involvement with Tuan, who proves to be a Vietnamese guerilla. After bidding farewell to all of his acquaintances, Cronauer departs, while a taped broadcast of his farewell show is played to the troops. Sadly, the focus of the film proves very limited. Despite the film's entertainment value, the narrow locality of it's story (primarily in the radio station) does not allow for a more comprehensive view of American soldiers in the field, the shifting political situation or the political history, and makes almost no effort to recognize Vietnamese history and concerns. Part of this is explained by Sergeant Joe P. Dunn, of the 199th Infantry Brigade, 1969-1970; who completed his tour with the 1st Air Cavalry. He observes that there are three primary methods today of studying the Vietnam conflict: 1) Asianists, who are specialist in the history, culture, and so forth of the Asia, who treat American involvement "as merely one stage, in the long history and series of conflicts", 2) Americanists, who are primarily historians and focus on various aspects of American issues that led to U.S. involvement (although the Asianists denounce the absence of Vietnam history and culture in this approac h), and 3) Literature/Pop-culture, which Dunn contends too rarely have "the analytical tools of the historian and the political scientist." Good Morning, Vietnam proves to have a slight leaning to this second category, but an overwhelming influence by the third. How then does the film attempt to justify it's blatant entertainment orientation It does this through a small inserts of liberal efforts of social equality. Cronauer seeks to equalize the military hierarchy by constantly lampooning the upper echelon. Likewise, Jimmy Wah's, a place where there has been a small measure of cultural acculturation in so far as the Vietnamese are benefiting from American presence (and exploitation), is the only real battleground in which Cronauer struggles for Vietnamese equality, i.e. the right to patron the bar. Unfortunately, the Vietnamese is only lightly touched upon by Tuan and his sister, and then only in lamenting the impact of America on an already war-torn culture.

The relationship of man and his environment Assignment

The relationship of man and his environment - Assignment Example As a result of the deforestation and destruction to natural habitats, conservation biology emerged as a key field of study in and around the 1980. As such, a new movement within conservation biology emerged which can only be described as environmental ethics (David/Sakhar 2012). These environmental ethicists worked to claim that biodiversity had an â€Å"intrinsic value† on how we as human integrate with and understand the biological spectrum of life on planet earth. As such, this article goes in depth to discuss the different hierarchical taxonomic and categorization of a host of different species that are all dependent upon human actions and interests. A point of view similar to the one put forward by this article demands that a transformation take place with the level of understanding and value that humans place. In effect, the focus on biodiversity and placing a renewed emphasis on caring for, respecting, and restoring the environment has led to a new wave of ecotourism wh ich has helped to raise the overall awareness of the problem among key shareholders the world over. The European campaign on working together for risk has been organised by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) and focuses on the twin concepts of management leadership and worker participation in Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). In UK the title translates more accurately as working together on risk management. Judith Hackitt,Chair of HSE, introduces the Healthy Workplaces (Goldstein 2012). â€Å"Following on from.

Thank you letter Sample Essay Example for Free

Thank you letter Sample Essay I am writing you today to extend my sincere thanks. I am one of the recipients of the (Scholarship Name) for this academic year, and I am both grateful and excited to be presented with such an honor. This is my second year attending (Name of University) as a computer engineering student. Furthering my education is very important to me, and I’m glad that there are people like you who are willing to help indigent students like me. This semester, I will not need to worry about covering the costs of my classes and my books. I will be able to go to class with academic worries instead of financial ones. You have made a huge difference in my life. I appreciate the resources that you continue to provide. I will do my best to make this another successful semester. Thank you again for the generous contribution which made my scholarship possible. Sincerely, What is mobile technology and what are the benefits? Mobile technology is exactly what the name implies – technology that is portable. Mobile IT devices include: †¢ Laptop computers. †¢ Palmtop computers or personal digital assistants. †¢ Mobile phones and ‘smart phones’ – high-end phones with more advanced capabilities. †¢ Global positioning system (GPS) devices. †¢ Wireless debit/credit card payment terminals. Mobile devices can be enabled to use a variety of communications technologies such as; †¢ Wireless fidelity (WiFi) – a type of wireless local area network technology. †¢ Bluetooth – connects mobile devices wirelessly. †¢ ‘Third Generation’ (3G), global system for mobile communications (GSM) and general packet radio service (GPRS0 data services – data networking services for mobile phones. †¢ Dial-up-service – data networking services using modems and telephone lines. †¢ Virtual private networks – secure access to a private network. It is therefore possible to network the mobile device to a home office or the internet while travelling. 1. Weapons and Defensive Equipment Most police officers in most countries carry weapons, such as firearms. The handgun is the most popular weapon carried by an officer. In addition, some officers choose to carry stun/Taser guns, pepper spray, rubber bullets and batons. Officers also typically are equipped with handcuffs in case they need to restrain unruly suspects or perpetrators. For defensive purposes, one of the most important pieces of defensive gear a police officer can have is a bulletproof jacket or vest. These will protect the officer in the event of gunfire, stabbing or similar injury. Youll also find police officers keep gas masks on hand in case of contamination or pollution. Communication Devices Because police officers dont always know the seriousness of a situation before they arrive on the scene, it is important they have a way to keep in touch with each other and the station in case they need to call for backup. Handheld radios and walkie-talkies help them stay in touch with each other. Their vehicles are also equipped with radios, so they can hear alerts when they go out from the station. In addition, more and more police cars have computers installed, which allows officers to run license plates, perform background checks or relay important information. Also, most officers carry whistles, flashlights and ticket books. Vehicles and Transportation Police officers drive several different types of vehicles. Patrol cars are most common, and come outfitted with sirens and light bars. Unmarked cars are also used in undercover situations. Police can also utilize motorcycles or bicycles when patrolling on the road. In addition, specialized operations may call for the use of trucks, ATVs, watercraft, helicopters or airplanes. Police may even patrol on horseback. INTRODUCTION In an age where technology has become an increasingly important part of our everyday lives, technology has also given criminals another avenue for committing crimes. Criminals are able to utilize technology to hack into private networks, spread damaging viruses, commit fraud, solicit sexual activities from minors, and various other potentially damaging criminal activities. But, it seems logical that we could also use technology to catch those criminals and those of other crimes and to prevent some crimes from happening. Several technologies exist that can assist law enforcement personnel in preventing and solving criminal actions, including:

Womens Rights Are Human Rights Speech Analysis Philosophy Essay

Womens Rights Are Human Rights Speech Analysis Philosophy Essay On 5 September 1995, Hillary Clinton, former first Lady of the United States, was invited by the Women Health Security Colloquium, which was sponsored by the World Health Organization, to attend the Fourth U.N. World Conference on Women in Beijing, China. As the Honorary Chairperson of the United States delegation to the conference, she gave the speech, Womens Rights Are Human Rights in the first few days during a special Plenary Session. In the speech, she utilized several persuasive techniques, also known as propaganda, grasping peoples attention in order to achieve support for the claim of the womens rights she was devoted to. Propaganda is usually a speech device that people intently use to induce or intensify others actions and attitudes with some deluded languages. Since propaganda is deliberate, it is often looked down as an evil and offensive tool. However, sometimes it can just be used for an act of persuasion or a personal perspective. According to Cross, propaganda is an important tool and seen in everywhere surrounding our lives. It needs to be correctly analyzed and respected and it can actually work toward good causes as well as bad (p.526). -For example, by intentionally incorporating propaganda into her speech, such as appealing to peoples emotions, distracting peoples attention, and somewhat misleading people, Hillary Clinton strengthened her persuasive power for womens rights and successfully beamed her message all over the world. Some propaganda techniques employ pathos, the act of appealing to peoples emotions. For example, plain-folks appeal, a device where a speaker tries to win our confidence and support by appearing to be a person like ourselves, is a type of propaganda. Clintons speech displays this technique when she says, We come together in fields and in factories. In village markets and supermarkets. In living rooms and board rooms. Her words suggest that she is one of those everyday people in fields, factories, markets, living rooms, and board rooms. Clinton further expands this idea by saying, We share a common future. This statement suggests that because we share the same future, we are on the same level. She is telling her audience that we should listen to her points because she is one of us, and thus has similar goals and interests to us. We are effectively led to believe that we should trust her so that we can overcome our shared struggles to achieve those shared goals and that shared future. Through plain-folks appeal, she turns her audience into trusting comrades-in-arms. She then employs the bandwagon technique in a similar manner. When she says, That is why every woman, every man, every child, every family, and every nation on our planet has a stake in the discussion that takes place here, she is again promoting that idea of oneness, which is the sharing of both struggles and goals. In the bandwagon technique, however, the goal is to pressure people to believe what everyone else believes and to conform, thus being faithful to the conference. There is a call to action. Clinton is telling the audience to jump on the bandwagon, because if one of them does not, that is the equivalent of turning away from your fellows. In the speech, she further strengthens the credibility of her argument by appealing to other emotions, such as pity and fear. Appealing to pity is achieved by attempting to win the audiences sympathy by giving examples of rightfully pitiable situations, in order to convince us of the conclusion or solution she will propose. One sees this technique in the statement: As an American, I want to speak up for women in my own country women who are raising children on the minimum wage, women who cant afford health care or child care, women whose lives are threatened by violence, including violence in their own homes. In that sentence, she in effect not only manages to tug on the audiences heartstrings, but also to subtly declare herself as the honorary representative of these poor souls; then she becomes the voice of the voiceless and oppressed. At the same time, it is also hard not to notice how Clinton makes the use of appeal to fear, a persuasion technique that implicitly threatens the audience and like the previous examples of pathos-based argument, uses emotions rather than reasons to persuade. Clinton displays this technique in her speech by saying, As long as discrimination and inequities remain so commonplace around the world as long as girls and women are valued less, fed less, fed last, overworked, underpaid, not schooled and subjected to violence in and out of their homes the potential of the human family to create a peaceful, prosperous world will not be realized. Here, she is basically saying that people feel pity for those disenfranchised individuals she gives as an example, but if we continue to do nothing, their situations will deteriorate further and worst of all, such situations may affect them as well, in their own family and in their own home. Of course, the point of stirring her audience to such extents is to pursue a specific ideal, sometimes even a certain agenda. In the speech, however, she does not specify what exact action she wants her audience to take, and yet the call to action is almost palpable. Clinton achieves this by distracting her audiences attention. In particular, she uses transfer-glory by association in this case-a propaganda technique wherein the speaker attempts to transfer our good feelings about one thing, towards their viewpoints. She makes her audience aware that her goal is the improvement of womens lives, What we are learning around the world is that if women are healthy and educated, their families will flourish. If women are free from violence, their families will flourish. If women have a chance to work and earn as full and equal partners in society, their families will flourish. However, as we can see, she is careful not to exclude anyone from appreciating her viewpoints. In fact, she sugges ts that by joining her cause, people would actually be helping themselves. Clinton even broadens the scope of these purported benefits when she says, And when families flourish, communities and nations will flourish. Thus, by helping women, we are actually helping the entire world. It is an altruistic enough message in all respects. To cement such a message, however, we will notice that the speech is also littered with attempts to mislead the audience as well. For example, when she states, Women are the primary caretakers for most of the worlds children and elderly, she is making a hasty generalization in fact. As Cooper shown, A hasty generalization is a conclusion based on a sample that is too small or in some other way unrepresentative of the larger population. (p.152) Such a statement supports her overall argument and it might also be true in certain cases; however, she misleads her audience by stating it as a fact without stating a basis that men can also be the primary caretakers for children and seniors. Clintons use of another technique in her speech, stroking (Argumentum ad populum), gains my admiration. First, she presents an opposing view to her points when she states, There are some who wonder whether the lives of women and girls matter to economic and political progress around the globe. By suggesting that some people think it is not necessary to care about womens rights simply just because they think women are less useful in the field of economy and politics, she raises indignation. However, it is misleading in that it creates an opponent, an unspecified they, that may or may not exist. Thus, the argument becomes whether what they said is true or not, and not the possibility that no one truly said those instigating statements. Clinton then assures the indignant audience that there are many women who are just as successful as men in professions with high emolument in fact, stating: Let them look at the women gathered here and at Huairou the homemakers, nurses, teachers, lawyer s, policymakers, and women who run their own businesses. She manages to present both argument and counterargument without specifying who the enemy is supposed to be and uses stroking that makes us feel we as women are very important to the society. Another technique that Clinton uses to mislead her audience to cement her message is card-stacking. Card-stacking is the technique which tells us the fact that is true but still not the entirely true in order to prevent us from being aware of some other important facts. For example, Clinton employs this technique when she states, If there is one message that echoes forth from this conference, let it be that human rights are womens rights and womens rights are human rights, once and for all. While it is true that womens rights are a part of human rights, human rights are not specific to just all women, they encompass the rights of both genders. Here, Clinton uses the card-stacking to mislead us, in order to perk up the importance of womens rights. Near the end, she uses card-stacking again when she says, Families rely on mothers and wives for emotional support and care; families rely on women for labor in the home; and increasingly, families rely on women for income needed to raise h ealthy children and care for other relatives. Considering the very diverse memberships, values, and situations of any set of real families, this generalization is not necessarily true; thus, she subtly misleads her audience again. Throughout the history, propaganda is often used by government or politics or advertiser to affect peoples attitude and consequently alter peoples decisions to become the follower of the point of the political party or become the consumer of the company involuntarily. However, the intention of Clintons speech is completely different. It does not have to damage an oppositions credit as in some candidates speech, and neither induces people to purchase something actually unnecessary in their lives as in some ads. It is about delivering a great message for her audience regarding the significance of public women welfare. Propaganda can be used in good manners as well as bad manners. By promoting the propaganda in the positive way, Clinton successfully increased my perception of the importance of womens rights and made me want to follow her idea as long as she dedicates for this claim.

China Essay -- Chinese Economy Market Essays

China   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The history of China is embeded with revolution and tension dating back to the feudal periods and the " first unified Chinese empire under Qi Shi Huang Di in 221 B.C. " The Confucianism ideology entrenched in the minds of the Chinese people with its conservative base and the need to achieve harmony in society has yet to be reached and most likely, never will. The proletariat is at the heart of the Marxist-Maoist approach to politics and the basic way of life for the Chinese masses considering that "...roughly 85% of the population is based in peasantry..." While Marxism, as implemented by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Nationalism have historically hindered the people of China; a growing need to conform to capitilism is plainly obvious if there will ever be success in the global market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Marxist theory is based on a classless society where the proletariat or working class is given the opportunity to exist on an equal social level with the remainder of the people while given a form of leadership of its own for the first time. The dictatorship of the proletariat in communist China called the " peoples democratic dictatorship " is considered by the Chinese Communist Party to be truly democratic, since it is the dictatorship of the vast majority, the ‘ people' over a tiny minority of reactionaries. The Chinese Communist Party formed in 1921 is founded upon strict Marxist beliefs that coincide with ideas expressed in the Communist Manifesto.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  " The CCP has, as it's mission the creation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of a stateless classless society. Because the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  dictatorship of the proletariat must be led by the party of the proletariat, the CCP by virtue   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of being the vanguard of the working class, and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  because of its knowledge of Marxism-Leninism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and its organizatioal capacities, is best able to understand and realize the interests of all people." The Communist Manifesto described the " conquest of political power by the proletariat " as the objective of the Communist. " The fundamentals of the CCP were originally based on extreme ‘leftist' views that centered around the proletariat. The party would virtually work for the victory of socialism in China while at the same time, looking to dismiss capitalism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mao Zedong, one of the fou... ...ve all presently or over time worked against China flourishing into the new world of capitalism and free enterprise. In order for China to succeed and reach the ‘harmony' its Confucian ideology promises, Marxism, nationalism and sinocentrism must all be abandoned in the attempt to reach a democratic, capitalist lifestyle and business practice. Works Cited: Hay, Morris, Lin, and Yao. Economic Reform and State owned Enterprises in China ,1979-87 Clarenden Press: Oxford. 1994 Infeld, Al. China as a Model of Development Orbis Books: New York. 1976 Kraus, Willy. Economic Development and Social Change in the Peoples Republic of China Springer-Verlag: New York, Heidelberg and Berlin. 1990 Leonhard, Wolfgang. The Three Faces of Marxixm Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York, Chicago and San Fransisco. 1974 Ogden, Dr. Suzanne. China (Sixth ed.) Dushkin Publishing Group/Brown and Benchmark Publishers: Connecticut. 1995 Waller, Derek J. The Government and Politics of Communist China Anchor Books: Garden City, New York. 1991 World Press Review - Understanding China March, 1996. M. Zuckerman. U.S. News and World Report - China's New Reality. March 15, 1995.

Becoming A Doctor :: essays research papers fc

Becoming A Doctor A doctor is someone who can help someone else in need. There are many types of doctors, ranging from general pediatricians to specialists. They are respected people and are looked to when something is wrong. Everyone needs a doctor at some point, so doctors are very much in demand. I am interested in this career because I like to help people. Also, it pays well so I can live off the salary. Another reason is because many of my relatives are doctors, nurses, or dentists. Even though school and training are very hard, it pays off in the end, when someone can make a difference in someone's life. I am not sure if I would like to be a pediatrician, or a specialist. Specialists probably earn more money, but do not do as much, and are required to learn more. I do not think I will want to be a surgeon, because cutting people open and taking things out does not seem very appealing. To become a doctor, one must endure a lot of training and education. In college, one must study courses to prepare for medicine, such as biology, chemistry, and some advanced mathematics. It generally takes seven to eight years to finish his education. The first four years, one would take pre-med. classes. Then it's on to medical school, where for four years one learns about the area of medicine one chooses. After medical school, about one year of internship is needed. Then he becomes a resident and practice medicine under supervision of a senior doctor. All together, it is about 11 years before one actually become an independent doctor. Doctors will always be needed. Because of this, and because of the population growth, doctors will always be in demand and the profession will continue to grow. This way, a doctor will be unemployed less, and will be more secure, financially. A doctor can earn from $60,000 to $700,000. Pediatricians and doctors at free clinics earn the least, although they are probably the most needed. There are many doctors that want to help children, so they become pediatricians, even if they earn a little less than others. Specialists earn a little more, from $90,000 to $200,000. These specialists range from neurologists, dermatologists, and urologists to cardiologists. Of course, the ones that are in need will earn more. The doctors that earn the most are surgeons. Doctors that perform tonsillectomies will earn less than plastic surgeons, and plastic surgeons will earn less than cardiovascular surgeons and neurosurgeons. Anesthesiologists, who give the patients shots during surgery, earn around $250,000 a year.

Themes in the Tempest Essays -- Tempest essays

Themes in the Tempest       The Tempest is generally considered to be Shakespeare's last sole-authored play. The play draws a number of oppositions, some of which it dramatises, and some of which it only implies. Prospero, a figure exhibiting many resemblances to the Elizabethan idea of the 'Mage', (of whom the best known is probably Dr. John Dee), is opposed to both his corrupt brother, usurper of his role as Duke of Milan, and to Sycorax, an evil witch and mother of the 'deformed slave' Caliban. Sycorax does not enter the action of the play, having died before it opens, but enough is made of her evil disposition and behaviour to show Prospero as a model of human virtue in comparison. This despite Prospero's own use of magic to accomplish his will, and his bullying of the spirit Ariel and his threats to and punishments of Caliban. Prospero's role is central to the play, he is in control of the action throughout, through the exercise of his 'Art'. A further contast is drawn between Miranda, Prospero's daug hter, and caliban. Bothe were brought up together by Prospero since his arrival on Caliban's Island, but Caliban has not responded suitably to Prospero's civilising education. Miranda, however, in line with the tenor of Shakespeare's late plays in particular, is a model of chastity and virtue. Caliban's 'ingratitude' would seem to result from what we would call his genetic inheritance. Miranda calls him    Abhorred slave Which any print of goodness will not take (1:2:353-354) [FN1]    And Prospero    A devil, a born devil, on whose nature Nurture can never stick; on whom my pains, Humanely taken, all, all lost, quite lost. (4:1:188-190)    The opposition of nature and nurture is made... ...ntual relinquishing of power which entitles him to regain it. In my opinion, Shakespeare is associating true authority with renunciation, not with the exercise of tyrannical power.    NOTES 1. All citations and references are to Frank Kermode's Arden Edition, to the excellent introduction of which I am indebted throughout. 2. In the Masque, the anti-masque is a comedic prelude in which the villainous characters (of lower-class origin) plot against virtue and established power-relations. In the Masque proper divine beings (frequently played by courtiers) would step in and defeat the evil plot, whereupon the cast would leave the stage and dance with the audience. 3. Paul Brown, 'This Thing of Darkness I Acknowledge Mine' (in) Political Shakespeare, (eds) J. Dollimore & A. Sinfield, Manchester University Press, Manchester, (1996), pp. 48-71.   

Gender Imbalances In Primary Education

The subject I have chosen to research is gender instabilities in primary instruction. This consists of the deficiency of male primary school instructors and why primary instruction is predominately female instructors. The ground why I have chosen this subject is because I feel that there is a important difference in gender instructors in instruction chiefly primary instruction. I am trusting to detect the chief grounds for this state of affairs in the literature. The subjects that I will be covering will hopefully associate up to the solution to this statement on the chief motivations and principle for gender instabilities. My purposes are to implement the spread I hope to repair and mend in the literature for this undertaking and the following undertaking. I hope to research more theories ( methodological analysiss ) readings and interviews ( methods ) on the subjects I have chosen for the following undertaking. One subject will concentrate on the statistics on the past and current state of affairs of gender instabilities in primary instruction amongst instructors. This will be a justification and an illustration to the readers that a gender instability is present and really exists. A 2nd subject will cover the pupils attitude and behaviour in instruction in a primary and secondary scene and why malenesss plays an of import function in make up one's minding what calling they hope to prosecute. The 3rd subject will concentrate on the ethnicity in schools and why this is mostly momentous to the gender instability statement. Finally, the Forth and concluding subject will be on the function theoretical accounts both males and females live up to in instruction and why primary schools are feminised. The statement that exists here is that many more misss than male childs will be seeking a topographic point in learning preparation. This is a job for males as already the learning profession is extremely feminised. There are many inquiries attached to this subject and I feel that it is imperative to detect and find the grounds behind this form. The ground why I chose primary instruction instead than secondary or any other educational field is because the gender instability is non as extremely important as the primary sector. I sense that adult females are choosing for traditional and new callings whereas work forces are choosing off from primary school instruction. This is the nucleus ground why I am spliting this reappraisal into subjects as these are used as ushers and stepping rocks to happen this spread in the literature.Statisticss on gender instabilities in primary instruction.The concern of gender instability and distinctively the low proportion of male appliers is an interna tional phenomenon in learning and in peculiar primary school instruction. Despite this being a immense instance in Ireland, it is tolerated in states such as the United States of America, Australia and France. The death of the male primary school instructor is apparent from the publication of the Irish National ( Primary ) Teachers Organisation. The statistics show that from 1970 the per centum of primary school instructors who are male were 32 % . Every ten old ages it is evaluated and it demonstrates a sudden lessening in per centum of male instructors. In the twelvemonth 2000 it dropped to 19 % and this twelvemonth it is an estimated diminution to 14 % . The anticipation from INTO is that there will be a diminution of a minimal 5 % male instructors every ten old ages until 2040 where there will be a mere 1 % of instructors in primary school considered male. This is an interesting tendency as the form is systematically worsening and shows no compunction or betterment to this job h armonizing to this publication. This tendency can merely be understood in the context of wider societal alterations and phenomena, including those impacting the socialization of male childs and the division of caring duties. Although male instructors are in a little minority, they are clearly non a deprived minority. Their over representation in promoted stations, while bit by bit cut downing over recent old ages, together with the much smaller proportion of male instructors on the lower points of the salary graduated table, gives rise to a gender spread in the wage. That creates the inquiry that is this gender instability in primary schools down to salary. Males prosecuting a different calling could be the cause of the low pay income. Salary is doubtless a consideration for all workers in taking a calling. Yet the get downing wage of a primary instructor with an honours grade is ˆ33,901, compared with ˆ27,483 for an applied scientist, ˆ30,124 for a medical houseman and ˆ32,029 for an designer. Most concern alumnuss start on a batch less than this when they leave college. The lone difference is those occupations mentioned would lift in salary with more experience whereas the primary schoo l instructor would offer no greater important rise in the sum of salary. So is this a instance of the deficiency of occupation chance? The figure of instructors in Irish schools has increased by over 4,500 in recent old ages. Job chances range from little one or two instructor schools to big 24 instructor schools, learning in mainstream categories, as resource instructors for kids with particular demands or as place school affair instructors. Ireland ‘s instruction system besides offers a pick of linguistic communication, ethos and location – with 3,200 primary schools. This clearly demonstrates that there is a huge chance for males and females with a figure of different functions that the student/trainer can acquire involved in. The chances are present nevertheless ; the undistinguished wage rise or deficiency of great publicity may change a male pupil ‘s determination in prosecuting this calling. It is interesting to observe that the Numberss for primary school learning from 2003 was justification that a gender instability occurs. The highest proportion of male appliers on the Central Applications Office ( CAO ) was in 2002 with 16.6 % .Males as a per centum of the entire appliers to the primary colleges of instruction exceeded 19 % in 1993, but has ne'er reached that degree later since that twelvemonth. This proves that there a important diminution in male appliers for primary instruction and illustrates this gender instability.Masculinity and effects gender instabilities have on school kidsA really of import facet of the gender instability in primary instruction is that of maleness. This is a cognitive theory that must be examined and understood in order to accomplish and detect the spread in the literature. Masculinity is something traditionally to be considered a feature of a male. This could be a quality characterized by physical and behavioural characteristics such as p hysical strength which is normally known by males. Masculinity is a cultural thought that many work forces support, but do non needfully embody. ( Williams 1995 ) . This cognitive theory would be present for pupils in make up one's minding their hereafter approximately around the age of 15-18 old ages. Every pupil has their ain purposes. They can include a desire to hold an excess making or a accomplishment for calling intents, addition cognition or better themselves in any field. One of the efficient ways to accomplish them can be separated categories. Some scientists support this theory as misss and male childs vary greatly both physiologically and psychologically whereas other bookmans claim that the advantages of single-sex categories are non so obvious. The chief factor which supports the benefits of single-sex categories is the differences between males and females. The most important among them are physiological. The encephalons of misss and male childs differ in an of import manner. These differences are genetically programmed and are present at birth. Furthermore, misss and male childs have different acquisition manners. The National Association for Single-Sex Public Schools has found that boys prosper a competitory environment whereas girls prefer a collaborative attack to acquisition. Besides research workers mention that single-sex environment has a positive influence on registration in non-traditional capable countries for male and female pupils. For case, misss are more likely to larn higher degree scientific discipline and maths while male childs are more likely to analyze higher degree linguistic communication and humanistic disciplines. As a consequence, separated schools offer alone educational chances for misss and for male childs. This doctrine on the difference between males and females in a physiological sense exists particularly during their secondary instruction. This draws to the argument that is the learning profession suited for males and their features? There are possible grounds why this proves to be the instance. Is it career counsel? There is grounds to demo that calling counsel instructors are more likely to urge instruction as a calling to their top female pupils instead than their top male pupils. Some male childs may besides experience that their equals or parents would non be supportive of them taking a calling as a primary instructor. Another ground that the male childs are non prosecuting this calling is because of the instruction barrier they face. Surely misss are acquiring higher points in the go forthing certification but the figures show that male childs are non using for instruction, so points are non the issue. The honours Irish demand does look to be a barrier as fewer male childs take Irish at honours Leaving Cert degree than misss. Here lies a quandary as there is besides a demand to keep and so better the criterion of Irish in our schools. Lowering the demand for a C3 in higher degree might assist work out one job but compound another. However, the feminisation of instruction is a world-wide tendency so we can barely claim that the honours Irish demand is act uponing the gender balance in states such as America, Australia or France.Gender Imbalances in the primary schoolroom – Ethnographic HistoryAs explained earlier that in order to happen the links behind the gender instability, it is imperati ve to look at its historical context. This following portion will concentrate on the ethnicity of pupils in the schoolroom and why this could be a possible ground for the deficiency of male instructors in primary instruction today. It is good established particularly in assorted schools, male students receive more instructor attending than do females. Harmonizing to Brophy and Good, Boys have more interactions with the instructor than misss. As a consequence of this they by and large appear to be more cardinal, dominant, of import and salient in the instructors ‘ perceptional field. Stanworth ( 1981 ) states that instructors have a general and overall penchant for male students. Why is this state of affairs the instance and does it hold an impact on the calling the pupils they hope to follow? After an analysis on the engagement turns in a schoolroom, the duty for gender instabilities rests mostly on the instructor. By ‘turns ‘ I mean the figure of times a pupil participates in the schoolroom or the pupils ‘ input for the continuance of the schoolroom. The instructor holds an of import duty to give every pupil a just portion of bends and go preferred to gender or biased towards one sex. The instructor may be seen to ensue from him/ her being socially and psychologically predisposed to beg parts to the lessons from the male pupils at the disbursal of affecting the female pupils. Again Stanworth suggests that male childs are more likely than misss to volunteer information to do heavier demands on the instructors ‘ clip. This indicates to me that male pupils are more comprehensive to work with and could take up more of the instructors ‘ valuable clip donated to the female pupils. The damages of instabilities in teacher attending does non needfully follow from the redress of male based attitudes in instructors. This is of class unless they do go sensitive to the interactive methods used by students in procuring attending and colloquial battle. Male pupils put themselves out at that place more than misss and demo more trouble towards the instructor but does non needfully intend that this is a negative attitude towards the instructor. This type of behaviour could find the maleness work forces demonstrate in a schoolroom environment. As discussed before, this type of cognitive theory could find what career work forces hope to take or follow. This is why I feel that male ‘s behaviour in a schoolroom determines what attitude they utilize in their determination doing accomplishments in the hereafter. In this subject, the literature chosen for this subject claim that there is a gender instability in bends at talk and therefore in the distribution of instructor attending. I would hold with this statement as the instructors part is critical in footings of how much attending is gained from the pupils and how much information was gathered and added to the cognition of the pupils. In decision, this survey is a utile part to this field of survey, in peculiar for its attending to forms of differential engagement among male childs and for the fresh thoughts in explicating gender instability that it presents. However, it may hold some defects and these indicate countries where farther contemplation and research is required. I hope to research more in-depth research and thoughts on this subject for undertaking two and this will hopefully assist me associate those spreads in the literature.Role Models in TeachingThere are many grounds why there is an highly short per centum of males involved in primary school instruction. A immense duty for a primary school instructor is the fact that there involves a batch of caring for the pupil. The male might experience that in their caput that adult females are more responsible for this function, therefore they would look elsewhere for a occupation in the work force. The major ground given for work forces why they are so rare in the work force is hapless wage. In add-on work forces find it hard to acquire employment because of frights of maltreatment and a widely held perceptual experience that adult females are better at caring for immature kids. These perceptual experiences are besides common in the U.K. Skelton surveyed pupil instructors to determine their perceptual experiences of the different qualities brought by work forces and adult females to primary school instruction. Work force instructors held a position that adult females instructors have better communicating accomplishments and are by and large more lovingness. This is from a stereotyped point of position as there is non much grounds to back up this statement. Women pupils believe that work forces have important functions to play in furthering good attitudes to analyze among male childs and are needed for function theoretical accounts. The statistics show that the Numberss for male instructors in primary schools are worsening and a consequence of this could be the deficiency of proviso of function theoretical accounts for work forces. From the 1970 ‘s the Numberss of male instructors dropped from 32 % to 14 % this twelvemonth. Skelton and Carrington ( 2002 ) conducted a big graduated table survey of male and female pupils ‘ image of primary school instruction as a calling. All of the pupils felt that primary instruction was suited for both instructors and that it was as intellectually demanding as secondary instruction. Seventy two per centum of work forces and 76 % of adult females disagreed with the statement that adult females instructors are more caring than work forces. Carrington ‘s respondents are positively working against the stereotype that primary instruction is a female occupation and that what is required if we are to increase the figure of work forces in the profession is to work against the stereotype. The research suggests that what primary instruction is approximately is non supplying function theoretical accounts but exciting instruction. It is a possibility that the exhilaration of primary instruction will non thrill the males and therefore they would seek to another adventuresome occupation or calling. Now that it is established that there is a important spread in gender when it comes to primary school instruction, a chief concern could be the initial behaviour of males in the schoolroom. A critical point in this statement is the manner in which for boys the behavior protects from neglecting. In rejecting academic work, they are insulated from the consequence of failure or rejection. At the same clip the behaviors are consistent in keeping traditional masculine hegemony. The simple infliction of male function theoretical accounts would non and could non perforate those behaviors since the schooling policy takes no awareness of the significances and maps of those behaviors for their culprits. The nucleus ground why there is a deficiency of proviso of function theoretical accounts for males is due to the historical premises that primary school is frequently feminised. Historically the profession of primary school instruction has been a female dominated one. We can reason that the current policy enterprise concentrating merely on increasing Numberss of male recruits ignores both historical and modern-day world. In the instance of male accomplishment despite the deficiency of male function theoretical accounts in primary instruction, the media have seemed to hold made much of the deficit of male instructors. Is this down to their attitudes in the schoolroom or infact their ain job with the feminization of primary schooling? My rating to this inquiry is that primary schooling is seen as caring instead than academic from a male ‘s point of position and although work forces are encouraged at first to take this function, they are so regarded as suspect by current policy shapers because of the lovingness function. My feelings are that work forces and adult females are every bit capable of fiting in footings of lovingness and duty, nevertheless their maleness and attitudes towards deficiency of function theoretical accounts and instruction at the age of determination devising separates them. This is why I feel that primary instruction is predominated by females. Overall, my decision to this subject is that there is a mostly important difference in gender to primary school instruction and generates an instability that is historical and will go on to make so in the hereafter. Regardless if this is debatable or non the statistics continue to demo that primary school instruction is feminised and predominated by females. There are many households in the state where kids may non hold a strong male presence in their lives. The different positions, scope of involvements and outlooks that male instructors bring to a school can supply existent function theoretical accounts for all kids. Greater Numberss of work forces in learning agencies kids benefit. Teaching is a calling which offers the chance to model and act upon the following coevals and to assist every kid to make their possible. It is a calling which allows for the usage of all accomplishments and endowments – in communicating, leading and direction – in the class of the on the job twenty-four hours. I summarise that the research and thoughts of others have provided me with the model for my ain work in undertaking two. The fact that this reappraisal has been divided into subjects has helped me derive more cognition and better understanding on this subject and hopefully does the same with the reader. This reappraisal is regarded as a cardinal procedure and worthwhile research. I think the subjects that I have displayed throughout the paper on the statistics, male malenesss, ethnicity and the deficiency of proviso of function theoretical accounts for males have showed critical consciousness on this subject. These are what I feel are the most accurate grounds for the ground that primary school instruction is predominated by females.

Waves

When people think of waves they may think of a nice vacation or maybe a storm. Most people may not think about what causes waves or how waves can get so tall and powerful. In addition, people may not think about how tides are formed. The movement of waves includes information about how waves form, how they move, what happens when waves interact, and some of the effects of waves. When people visit a beach, they might realize the daily rise and fall of the water, or how high and low tides can get. Tides are caused by the moon, sun, and the earth and are almost never are the same size or duration.A tide can spread out to be much bigger than what it was predicted to be (Simon 1990). The easiest tidal sequence is the semidiurnal tide. A semidiurnal tide has two high tides and two low tides of about equal height each day. Semidiurnal tides may have a daily inequity where successive hide tides have different heights. Semidiurnal tides are often easy to predict because high or low tides occu r a consistent length of time after the moon has passed overhead. Both the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans generally have some semidiurnal tides with two other tides each day.Spring tides normally occur when there is a full moon and the sun and the earth are in a straight line. When this happens, tides are never the same size or last the same amount of time as the people may expect. There is also neap tides and they occur when the moon is in the first or last quarter, when its gravitational pull on the oceans is at a right angle to the sun. When this happens the tide will not be the same size or last the same amount of time either. (Hawkins 2005). Therefore, the pull of the moon causes tides and these tides produce waves.Waves are the forward movement of the ocean’s water due to the oscillation of water particles by frictional drag. Waves can also vary in size and strength based on wind speed (B. Amanda). When people are considering waves, it is important to know that while it appears that the water is moving forward, only a small amount of water is actually moving. Instead, it is the wave’s energy that is moving. When the waves get too tall, relative to the water’s deepness, the wave’s stability is weakened and the entire wave falls onto the beach, forming a breaker.Breakers come in all different types. The type of a breaker is determined by the slope of the shoreline. Falling breakers are caused by a steep slope. Spilling breakers occur when the shoreline has a gentle or gradual slope. Crests of waves are formed by a thrust or the forward push of the wave. Which could lead to the development of breakers. Sometimes, huge waves are created by undersea earthquakes or the pointy motions in the seafloor. These huge waves are called tsunamis or tidal waves. They can make really big messes and can kill a lot of people (B, Amanda).Waves are put into categories and named according to how they are formed and how they appear. Waves that are l ooped as they reach the shoreline are called ocean currents. These currents are generated in the surf zone when the front end of the wave pushes to the shore and then slows down. Wind also causes waves and these are called surface waves. Regular patterns of smooth, rounded waves in the open are called swells. Swells means that they are mature undulations of water in wave energy that has left the wave generating region (B,Amanda).When waves meet and interact they form what is called an interference. The interference occurs when the crest and trough are between two waves that are align and then they combine. The action of an interference makes a dramatic increase in wave height. When water molecules get the energy they move forward,and all of the waves are forced closer together because they are now moving a lot slower because of the wind speed. The movement of wind speed over the oceans generates corresponding movements in the water. When the seafloor becomes shallow the waves become flattened(B,Amanda).An underwater earthquake can trigger a tsunami that creates a long, fault rupture that can get up to or over 800 miles long(B,Amanda). â€Å"In December 2004, an underwater earthquake was triggered a string of tsunamis along the Indian Ocean with overwhelming effects. Scientists have found a break in the sea floor faults which are causing the earthquakes, tsunamis, and waves to be extremely dangerous. † (B,Amanda) Since waves are so powerful they have a big impact on the shape of the world’s coastlines. Generally, they straighten coastlines.Sometimes headland’s composed old rocks are very resistant to erosion just into the ocean and force waves to bend around them. When this happens, the waves energy is spread out over multiple areas and different sections of the coastline which receive different amounts of energy and are then shaped differently by waves(B,Amanda). Waves can also cancel out each other through when crest meets a tough or vise versa. The movement of sand, gravel, and concrete with the long shore drift is know as deposition. Coastal landforms caused by deposition include barrier spits, bay barriers, lagoon, tombolos and even beaches themselves.Coastal features found today include cliffs, wave cut platforms, sea caves, and arches. These types of features make it clear that ocean waves have a tremendous impact on today shoreline. Erosion also creates many of the coastal features found today. It can also act in taking away sand and sediment from beaches especially on those that have heavy wave action. Erosion also creates many of the coastal waves today(Amanda B). Erosion is a broadly defined group of processes involving the movement of soil and rock. This movement is often the result of flowing agents, whether wind, water, or ice.

Breastfeeding vs. Formula Feeding

Breastfeeding vs. Formula Feeding Lacey Payson BCOM/275 March 18, 2013 Allen Sutton Breastfeeding vs. Formula Feeding In today’s society, many mothers face making the decision to breastfeed or to formula feed. After 36 – 42 weeks of carrying a child, some mothers want their body back. Other mothers want to save money and give their child a nutritious diet. Breast milk is known to be healthier, in conjunction with an amazing way to bond with her child. There are two mottos that have been heard. One saying is â€Å"breast is best† and the second is â€Å"formula or breast, mother knows best. Kathryn Blundell, deputy editor for Mother and Baby magazine states â€Å"I formula fed. So What? I wanted my body back. (And some wine)†¦I also wanted to give my boobs at least a chance to stay on my chest rather than dangling around my stomach† (Rock, 2010). Society would understand where she is coming from by wanting her body back but her body will never be the same after carrying a child and going through labor. Many mothers feel they have to fully give up drinking. It has been determined that a mother can have one 4 ounce glass of wine, except that she will need to wait a minimum of 2 hours after to nurse her baby.A mother can pump before she has a glass of wine and give the baby that milk. Breastfeeding has been known to help mothers lose weight. Kathryn Blundell also states, â€Å"†¦You’ll hear tales of agonizing three-hour feeding sessions and – the drama! – bloody nipples† (Rock, 2010). Breastfeeding can be rough because the sore nipples, late night feedings and needing to pump if she is a working mom. Jobs may let her take a break to go pump to help keep the production of milk going. Regardless of the choice between breastfeeding and formula feeding, there will be late night feedings. â€Å"They’re part of my sexuality, too – not just breast, but fun bags.And when you have that attitud e (and I admit I made no attempt to change it), seeing your teeny, tiny, innocent baby latching on where only a lover has been before feels, well a little creepy† (Rock, 2010). Breasts are for feeding babies. When pregnant woman’s body adjusts to bearing a child, it knows to produce milk. Some women will lactate as early as 23 weeks. Before the 1800s, women had no choice but to breast feed. Saying that the breasts are only for a sexual purpose is like saying a woman would rather have a cesarean delivery, so the baby will not touch her vagina. Breasts are only sexual because people make them out to be.An example of this is Victoria's secret models advertising lingerie. Women’s bodies are made to carry and nurture babies. Mother and baby deputy editor states â€Å"there are studies that show [breastfeeding] reduces the risk of breast cancer for you, and your stomach upsets and allergies for your baby. But even the convenience and supposed health benefits of breast milk couldn’t induce me to stick my nipple into a bawling baby’s mouth† (Rock, 2010). She is correct about breast milk being healthy for both mommy and baby however, a mother that feels the way she does may be interpreted as being selfish.Breast milk is the perfect food for an infant with many advantages over formula. Research has shown that it may help prevent SIDS, also known as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Breast milk contains the ideal proportion of nutrients including the following; protein, carbohydrates, fat, and calcium. Breast milk is easily digested compared to formula, free and available when needed. Breast milk includes active infection-fighting white blood cells that helps protect against impurities during the first few months.It may contain fatty acids, which may assist with brain development. The best reason to breastfeed is the bond a woman will have with her child. In summary, breastfeeding can be hard because of late night feedings. However in the end it is better for the baby and less expensive. A mother does not have to surrender drinking completely. She should do what she feels, breastfeeding can be a hassle, but it is healthier. â€Å"Formula or breast, mother knows best. † Bibliography Rock, L. (2010, June 2010). Breastfeeding is ‘creepy', says parenting magazine. The Observer.

Death of a Salesman Idealism and Truth Essay

?Idealism describes the belief or pursuit of a perfect vision often based upon unrealistic principles. This pursuit is often contrasted and opposed by truth. The truth and reality in an individual’s life is what enables this person to remain grounded and down to earth. An individual must set themselves high expectations in order to be their best, but they must also acknowledge the fact that everything they desire is not achievable. The imbalance of idealism and truth in an individual’s life can have calamitous effects. It is significant in an individual’s life because it can lead to the deterioration of an individual’s sanity, destruction of family relationships and ultimately death. This is exemplified in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, by Willy Loman. Willy spends his whole life pursuing the American Dream. This pursuit leaves him in debt and lacking less than a sliver of sanity. This man lacks the capacity to face the truth; the reality of his situation. The negative effect that his dream has on his family and life is simply overlooked and ignored. As Willy’s life swerves out of control, he tumbles deeper into the abyss of his idealism, to a point of no return. The inability for an individual to achieve a single-minded dream can lead to the deterioration of their sanity. In Willy’s case, he has spent his whole life pursuing the American Dream; a dream that is impossible to achieve. His inability to cope with the failure of his life at first simply causes him to feel lost, but eventually causes him to go insane. Ironically enough this man, so set on having the perfect life, has an affair with a secretary of one of the buyer. This is simply a financial transaction of gifts for sex and access to the buyers. Willy does this to escape the truth of his life, and in the process completely contradicts his goals. In an attempt to protect himself from the reality of his life, he goes into self-protection mode. His own mind morphs his memories to achieve and establish his desires. Willy’s constant flashbacks lay the groundwork to support that he is becoming senile and that his idealistic tendencies caused him to lose the ability to recognize reality from illusion. Willy is a very insecure individual, and he tries to make himself look better by lying to himself and his family. In his world of delusion, Willy is a hugely successful man. He disguises his profound anxiety and self-doubt with extreme arrogance. Biff nails it on the head when he points out the fact that Willy â€Å"had all the wrong dreams. All, all, wrong. † The overpowering pursuit of idealism over truth can lead an individual to lack the ability to cope with reality. Willy has a lot of potential, but he also has a whopping case of self-deception paired with misguided life goals. He has based his whole life on supporting others and does not know how to live any other way. The effect of lacking a manly figure during his youthful development is substantial effect in how Willy raises his own sons. In Willy’s pursuit of the American Dream, he clearly instills in his sons that being well-liked is more important than character. By emphasizing likability as being the most desirable quality for success he places a higher premium on outward projection over inner strength of character. He simply passes on these unrealistic qualities to his sons. â€Å"I never in my life told him anything but decent things. † Willy’s memories reveal that the values with which he raised his sons has made Biff comes to consider himself exceptional and entitled to whatever he wants regardless of how hard he works or whether it harms others. Biff’s perfect illusion is shattered when he discovers that his father is having an affair and he feels hateful and confused about his father’s actions. His excessive pursuit of idealism shatters Willy’s relationship with his son; this is something that he does not have the ability to repair. Willy’s pursuit of idealism in his life was extremely unrealistic and eventually prevented him from having the ability to see the truth in life. He spent his whole life trying to provide for his family. He wanted the life of a salesman. To be well-liked and have a massive funeral when he dies. The reality is that he spent his whole life pursuing unrealistic dreams based on negative personal values. Willy himself points out that he’s â€Å"worth more dead than alive. † It’s quite tragic that Willy believes he has to kill himself to feel that he is worth something to his family. The reality of the situation is that his death is in vain. The Loman’s only had one more payment left on the house, and don’t actually need the money anymore. But in his blinded illusion, Willy cannot see through or cope with his failure. This causes him to believe that he is worth nothing more alive and kills himself to enable his family to collect his life insurance money. The unevenness of idealism and truth in an individual’s life can lead to the loss of sanity, deterioration of relationships and even death. By having a good balanced of idealism and truth, there is a greater potential that an individual will discover contentment in life. While pursuing an ideal, an individual may be confronted with truth that must be recognized, and if ignored will have cataclysmic effect. Idealism provides a good source of motivation to strive for excellence and truth reminds us that we are all flawed. Together, with an appropriate balance of both, you have the tools to live a life happy.